{"id":107193,"date":"2021-04-08T20:08:26","date_gmt":"2021-04-08T18:08:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.sogoodlanguages.com\/?p=107193"},"modified":"2021-06-09T15:29:03","modified_gmt":"2021-06-09T13:29:03","slug":"preteritum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.sogoodlanguages.com\/cs\/preteritum\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00e9teritum (Pr\u00e4teritum) &#8211; Minul\u00fd \u010das v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a class=\"js-anchor\" href=\"#1\">Co je pr\u00e9teritum a kdy se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"js-anchor\" href=\"#2\">Tvo\u0159en\u00ed pr\u00e9terita u pravideln\u00fdch sloves v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"js-anchor\" href=\"#3\">Tvo\u0159en\u00ed pr\u00e9terita u nepravideln\u00fdch sloves v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"js-anchor\" href=\"#4\">Pr\u00e9teritum u sloves s odlu\u010ditelnou a neodlu\u010ditelnou p\u0159edponou<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"js-anchor\" href=\"#5\">Mod\u00e1ln\u00ed slovesa v pr\u00e9teritu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"js-anchor\" href=\"#6\">Slovesa sein, haben, werden v pr\u00e9teritu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"js-anchor\" href=\"#7\">Procvi\u010den\u00ed na z\u00e1v\u011br<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 21px;\">Jestli\u017ee chcete v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b vyj\u00e1d\u0159it minul\u00fd \u010das, jednou z mo\u017enost\u00ed je pr\u00e9teritum (Pr\u00e4teritum), a pr\u00e1v\u011b na n\u011bj se v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme. Pr\u00e9teritum je pro mnoh\u00e9 tvrd\u00fdm o\u0159\u00ed\u0161kem. My v\u00e1m v\u0161ak uk\u00e1\u017eeme, jak ho lehce rozlousknout.<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 21px;\">Dozv\u00edte se v\u0161e o tvo\u0159en\u00ed pr\u00e9terita u pravideln\u00fdch i nepravideln\u00fdch sloves. Neopomeneme ani slovesa s odlu\u010diteln\u00fdmi a neodlu\u010diteln\u00fdmi p\u0159edponami. Posv\u00edt\u00edme si tak\u00e9 na mod\u00e1ln\u00ed slovesa \u010di slovesa sein, haben a werden.<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 21px;\">D\u00edky p\u0159ehledn\u00fdm tabulk\u00e1m zvl\u00e1dnete vytvo\u0159it pr\u00e9teritum od ka\u017ed\u00e9ho slovesa. A nav\u00edc dostanete p\u00e1r dobr\u00fdch tip\u016f.<\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_id=&#8220;1&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3>1. Co je pr\u00e9teritum a kdy se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1<\/h3>\n<p>Za\u010dn\u011bme nejd\u0159\u00edve vysv\u011btlen\u00edm, co je pr\u00e9teritum. <strong>Pr\u00e9teritum<\/strong> (n\u011bmecky <strong>das Pr\u00e4teritum<\/strong>) je jednoduch\u00fd minul\u00fd \u010das. V n\u011bm\u010din\u011b je krom\u011b perfekta dal\u0161\u00ed variantou, jak vyj\u00e1d\u0159it minul\u00fd \u010das. <strong>P\u016fvodn\u011b<\/strong> se tento minul\u00fdch \u010das pou\u017e\u00edval <strong>pro vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed prost\u00e9ho minul\u00e9ho d\u011bje bez vztahu k sou\u010dasnosti v mluven\u00e9m projevu<\/strong>. Nap\u0159. pokud jste vypr\u00e1v\u011bli z\u00e1\u017eitky z\u00a0 pr\u00e1zdnin nebo dovolen\u00e9.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i>In meinen Ferien <span style=\"color: red;\">verbrachte<\/span> ich 3 Wochen in Italien. Ich <span style=\"color: red;\">lernte<\/span> neue Freunde <span style=\"color: red;\">kennen<\/span>. (O pr\u00e1zdnin\u00e1ch jsem str\u00e1vil 3 t\u00fddny v It\u00e1lii. Sezn\u00e1mil jsem se s nov\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00e1teli.)<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V sou\u010dasnosti se v\u0161ak <strong>v mluven\u00e9m projevu v\u00edce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 perfektum<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 se \u010dasto tak\u00e9 ozna\u010duje jako \u201c\u010das dialogu\u201d.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i>Was <span style=\"color: red;\">hast<\/span> du <span style=\"color: red;\">gesagt<\/span>? Ich <span style=\"color: red;\">habe<\/span> dich nicht gut <span style=\"color: red;\">geh\u00f6rt<\/span>. (Co jsi \u0159\u00edkal? Nesly\u0161el jsem t\u011b dob\u0159e.)<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Naproti tomu <strong>pr\u00e9teritum pou\u017eijeme sp\u00ed\u0161e v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b souvisl\u00e9ho p\u00edsemn\u00e9ho textu<\/strong> v minulosti (setk\u00e1te se s n\u00edm tedy hlavn\u011b p\u0159i \u010detb\u011b).<\/p>\n<p>Jak jste se ji\u017e dozv\u011bd\u011bli, <strong>pr\u00e9teritum je jednoduch\u00fd minul\u00fd \u010das v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b<\/strong>. Znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee se tvo\u0159\u00ed jedn\u00edm slovesn\u00fdm tvarem. Podle toho, zda je sloveso pravideln\u00e9 nebo nepravideln\u00e9, rozli\u0161ujeme i zp\u016fsob tvo\u0159en\u00ed pr\u00e9terita.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_id=&#8220;2&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3>2. Tvo\u0159en\u00ed pr\u00e9terita u pravideln\u00fdch sloves v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b<\/h3>\n<p>Jestli\u017ee chcete tvo\u0159it pr\u00e9teritum u pravideln\u00fdch sloves, ud\u011blejte n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed <u>t\u0159i jednoduch\u00e9 kroky<\/u>.<\/p>\n<p>1. Vych\u00e1zejte z <strong>infinitivu slovesa<\/strong>. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sloveso kon\u010d\u00ed na <strong>-en<\/strong>. V tomto tvaru ho vyhled\u00e1te v p\u0159eklada\u010di nebo ve slovn\u00edku.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>sagen &#8211; \u0159\u00edci, \u0159\u00edkat<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2. Odejm\u011bte infinitivn\u00ed koncovku <strong>-en<\/strong>. Vznikne <strong>slovesn\u00fd kmen<\/strong>, se kter\u00fdm budete d\u00e1le pracovat.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>sag<s>en<\/s> \u2192 sag<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>3. Ke <strong>slovesn\u00e9mu kmeni<\/strong> p\u0159id\u00e1vejte <strong>n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed koncovky<\/strong>. T\u011bmito koncovkami utvo\u0159\u00edte minul\u00fd \u010das v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b. <strong>Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z koncovek pat\u0159\u00ed k ur\u010dit\u00e9 osob\u011b a tvo\u0159\u00ed s n\u00ed nerozlu\u010dnou dvojici<\/strong>. Uk\u00e1\u017eeme v\u00e1m to v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed tabulce.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\n<table id=\"tablepress-1227\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1227\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Jednotn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo<\/th><th class=\"column-2\"><\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo<\/th><th class=\"column-4\"><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><b> ich <\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">sag<span style=\"color: red;\">te<\/span><br \/>\n<i> (\u0159ekl jsem) <\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><b> wir <\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">sag<span style=\"color: red;\">ten<\/span><br \/>\n<i> (\u0159ekli jsme) <\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><b> du <\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">sag<span style=\"color: red;\">test<\/span><br \/>\n<i> (\u0159ekl jsi) <\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><b> ihr <\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">sag<span style=\"color: red;\">tet<\/span><br \/>\n<i> (\u0159ekli jste) <\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><b> er, sie, es <\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">sag<span style=\"color: red;\">te<\/span><br \/>\n<i> (\u0159ekl, \u0159ekla, \u0159eklo) <\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><b> sie, Sie <\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">sag<span style=\"color: red;\">ten<\/span><br \/>\n<i> (\u0159ekli, \u0159ekl\/a jste - vyk\u00e1n\u00ed) <\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1227 from cache --><\/p>\n<p>V\u0161imn\u011bte si, \u017ee <strong>tvar v 1. os. \u010d. j. a 3. os. \u010d. j. je stejn\u00fd<\/strong> a kon\u010d\u00ed v\u017edy koncovkou <strong><u>-te<\/u><\/strong>. Tak\u00e9 <strong>tvar v 1. os. \u010d. mn. a 3. os. \u010d. mn. je stejn\u00fd<\/strong> a kon\u010d\u00ed koncovkou <strong><u>-ten<\/u><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Moje rada zn\u00ed: <strong>Nau\u010dte se tyto koncovky v\u017edy ve spojitosti s danou osobou<\/strong>. Stejn\u00fdm postupem pak vytvo\u0159\u00edte minul\u00fd \u010das u v\u0161ech pravideln\u00fdch sloves.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pozor na slovesa s kmenem<\/strong> <u>-t<\/u>, <u>-d<\/u> a n\u011bkter\u00e1 s kmenem <u>-m<\/u>, <u>-n<\/u>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>arbei<span style=\"color: red;\">t<\/span>en (pracovat)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>re<span style=\"color: red;\">d<\/span>en (mluvit)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>at<span style=\"color: red;\">m<\/span>en (d\u00fdchat)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>rech<span style=\"color: red;\">n<\/span>en (po\u010d\u00edtat)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tato slovesa maj\u00ed p\u0159ed danou koncovkou je\u0161t\u011b <strong><u>-e<\/u><\/strong>. Je to z d\u016fvodu snadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdslovnosti. V praxi to tedy bude vypadat takto:<br \/>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1228\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1228\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Jednotn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo<\/th><th class=\"column-2\"><\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo<\/th><th class=\"column-4\"><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><b> ich <\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">arbeit<span style=\"color: red;\">ete<\/span><br \/>\n<i> (pracoval jsem) <\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><b> wir <\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">arbeit<span style=\"color: red;\">eten<\/span><br \/>\n<i> (pracovali jsme) <\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><b> du <\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">arbeit<span style=\"color: red;\">etest<\/span><br \/>\n<i> (pracoval jsi) <\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><b> ihr <\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">arbeit<span style=\"color: red;\">etet<\/span><br \/>\n<i> (pracovali jste) <\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><b> er, sie, es <\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">arbeit<span style=\"color: red;\">ete<\/span><br \/>\n<i> (pracoval, pracovala, pracovalo) <\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><b> sie, Sie\t <\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">arbeit<span style=\"color: red;\">eten<\/span><br \/>\n<i> (pracovali, pracoval\/a jste - vyk\u00e1n\u00ed)<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1228 from cache --><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_id=&#8220;3&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3>3. Tvo\u0159en\u00ed pr\u00e9terita u nepravideln\u00fdch sloves v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b<\/h3>\n<p>Nepravideln\u00e1 slovesa v pr\u00e9teritu tvo\u0159\u00ed mnohem po\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed skupinu ne\u017e v p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase. Jak na n\u011b?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nepravideln\u00e1 slovesa<\/strong> tvo\u0159\u00ed pr\u00e9teritum <strong>pomoc\u00ed vlastn\u00edch tvar\u016f<\/strong>. V t\u011bchto tvarech se <strong>m\u011bn\u00ed kmenov\u00e1 samohl\u00e1ska<\/strong>. Tvary nepravideln\u00fdch sloves v pr\u00e9teritu vyhled\u00e1te ve slovn\u00edku nebo jsou uvedeny v p\u0159eklada\u010di. Postupn\u011b bude t\u0159eba se je nau\u010dit.<\/p>\n<p>Jako <strong>v\u00fdchoz\u00ed tvar<\/strong> se uv\u00e1d\u00ed 3. os. \u010d. j. Ostatn\u00ed <strong>osoby vytvo\u0159\u00edte p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm koncovky<\/strong> pro p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das. Nezapome\u0148te, \u017ee <strong>tvar 1. os. \u010d. j. a 3. os. \u010d. j. je v\u017edy stejn\u00fd<\/strong> a <strong>bez dal\u0161\u00ed koncovky<\/strong>. V\u00edce uvid\u00edte na p\u0159\u00edkladu: <i>gehen (j\u00edt, chodit)<\/i><\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1229\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1229\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Jednotn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo<\/th><th class=\"column-2\"><\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo<\/th><th class=\"column-4\"><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><b> ich <\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color: red;\">ging<\/span><br \/>\n<i> (\u0161el jsem) <\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><b> wir <\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">ging<span style=\"color: red;\">en<\/span><br \/>\n<i> (\u0161li jsme) <\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><b> du <\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">ging<span style=\"color: red;\">st<\/span><br \/>\n<i> (\u0161el jsi) <\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><b> ihr <\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">ging<span style=\"color: red;\">t<\/span><br \/>\n<i> (\u0161li jste) <\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><b> er,sie,es <\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><span style=\"color: red;\">ging<\/span><br \/>\n<i> (\u0161el, \u0161la, \u0161lo) <\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><b> sie, Sie\t <\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">ging<span style=\"color: red;\">en<\/span><br \/>\n<i> (\u0161li, \u0161el\/ \u0161la jste \u2013 vyk\u00e1n\u00ed) <\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1229 from cache -->\n<p>Pokud se chcete o nepravideln\u00fdch slovesech v pr\u00e9teritu dozv\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edc, pod\u00edvejte se na cel\u00fd gramatick\u00fd <strong>\u010dl\u00e1nek <a href=\"https:\/\/dev.sogoodlanguages.com\/cs\/nemcina\/nepravidelna-slovesa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nepravideln\u00e1 slovesa<\/a><\/strong>. Najdete v n\u011bm i z\u00e1kladn\u00ed tabulku tvar\u016f nepravideln\u00fdch sloves v pr\u00e9teritu.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_id=&#8220;4&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3>4. Pr\u00e9teritum u sloves s neodlu\u010ditelnou a odlu\u010ditelnou p\u0159edponou<\/h3>\n<p>Te\u010f se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na <strong>pr\u00e9teritum u sloves s neodlu\u010ditelnou p\u0159edponou v n\u011bmeck\u00e9m jazyce<\/strong>. Je to velmi jednoduch\u00e9. <strong>P\u0159i tvorb\u011b pr\u00e9terita se p\u0159edpona<\/strong> u t\u011bchto sloves <strong>nikdy neodlu\u010duje<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o <strong>pravideln\u00e9 sloveso, p\u0159ipoj\u00edte vhodnou koncovku<\/strong> k dan\u00e9 osob\u011b.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><span style=\"color: red;\">be<\/span>suchen (nav\u0161t\u011bvovat)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>er <span style=\"color: red;\">be<\/span>such<span style=\"color: red;\">te<\/span> (on nav\u0161t\u011bvoval)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pokud jde o <strong>sloveso nepravideln\u00e9, pracujete s tvarem v pr\u00e9teritu<\/strong>, ke kter\u00e9mu krom\u011b 1. os. \u010d. j.\u00a0 a 3. os. \u010d. j. p\u0159ipojujete\u00a0 koncovky.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><span style=\"color: red;\">er<\/span>fahren (dozv\u011bd\u011bt se)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>er <span style=\"color: red;\">erfuhr<\/span> (dozv\u011bd\u011bl se)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>wir erfuhr<span style=\"color: red;\">en<\/span> (dozv\u011bd\u011bli jsme se)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Naopak u sloves s <strong>odlu\u010ditelnou p\u0159edponou se p\u0159edpona<\/strong> p\u0159i tvorb\u011b pr\u00e9terita <strong>v\u017edy odlou\u010d\u00ed a stoj\u00ed a\u017e za slovesem<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Op\u011bt plat\u00ed, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pravideln\u00e9ho slovesa <strong>p\u0159ipoj\u00edte vhodnou koncovku<\/strong> k dan\u00e9 osob\u011b.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><span style=\"color: red;\">ein<\/span> kaufen (nakupovat)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>er kauft<span style=\"color: red;\">e ein<\/span> (nakupoval)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>I v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nepravideln\u00e9ho slovesa pracujete <strong>s tvarem v pr\u00e9teritu<\/strong>, ke kter\u00e9mu krom\u011b 1. os. \u010d. j.\u00a0 a 3. os. \u010d. j. p\u0159ipojujete koncovky.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><span style=\"color: red;\">an<\/span> kommen (p\u0159ijet)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>er <span style=\"color: red;\">kam an<\/span> (p\u0159ijel)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>wir kam<span style=\"color: red;\">en<\/span> an (p\u0159ijeli jsme)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Jestli\u017ee je sloveso s odlu\u010ditelnou p\u0159edponou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u011bty, stoj\u00ed tato <strong>p\u0159edpona v\u017edy na konci<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Gestern <span style=\"color: red;\">kam<\/span> er sp\u00e4t im B\u00fcro <span style=\"color: red;\">an<\/span>. (V\u010dera p\u0159ijel pozd\u011b do kancel\u00e1\u0159e.)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00edce o neodlu\u010diteln\u00fdch a odlu\u010diteln\u00fdch p\u0159edpon\u00e1ch se dozv\u00edte <strong>v gramatick\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku <a href=\"https:\/\/dev.sogoodlanguages.com\/cs\/nemcina\/perfektum\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Perfektum<\/a><\/strong>.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_id=&#8220;5&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3>5. Mod\u00e1ln\u00ed slovesa v pr\u00e9teritu<\/h3>\n<p>N\u011bm\u010dina pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 <strong>mod\u00e1ln\u00ed slovesa<\/strong> velmi \u010dasto. Toto je jejich p\u0159ehled:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><strong>d\u00fcrfen \u2013 sm\u011bt<\/strong><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><strong>k\u00f6nnen \u2013 moci, um\u011bt<\/strong><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><strong>m\u00f6gen \u2013 m\u00edt r\u00e1d<\/strong><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><strong>m\u00fcssen \u2013 muset<\/strong><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><strong>sollen \u2013 m\u00edt za povinnost<\/strong><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><strong>wollen \u2013 cht\u00edt<\/strong><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Spolu s mod\u00e1ln\u00edmi slovesy je obvykle uv\u00e1d\u011bno i sloveso <strong>wissen &#8211; v\u011bd\u011bt<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 sice ve skute\u010dnosti nen\u00ed mod\u00e1ln\u00edm slovesem, ov\u0161em \u010dasuje se velmi obdobn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mod\u00e1ln\u00ed slovesa tvo\u0159\u00ed v pr\u00e9teritu samostatn\u00e9 tvary<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z infinitivu, ale <strong>nikdy nemaj\u00ed p\u0159ehl\u00e1sku<\/strong>. Tvary <strong>mod\u00e1ln\u00edho slovesa maj\u00ed stejn\u00fd kmen<\/strong>, jak v <strong>jednotn\u00e9m tak i v mno\u017en\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle, a p\u0159ip\u00ednaj\u00ed koncovky dan\u00e9 osoby v pr\u00e9teritu<\/strong>. Jejich \u00fapln\u00fd p\u0159ehled naleznete v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed tabulce.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\n<table id=\"tablepress-1230\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1230\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">infinitiv<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">ich<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">du<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">er,sie,es<\/th><th class=\"column-5\">wir<\/th><th class=\"column-6\">ihr<\/th><th class=\"column-7\">sie, Sie<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">m<span style=\"color: red;\">\u00fc<\/span>ssen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">m<span style=\"color: red;\">u<\/span>ss<span style=\"color: red;\">te<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">m<span style=\"color: red;\">u<\/span>ss<span style=\"color: red;\">test<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">m<span style=\"color: red;\">u<\/span>ss<span style=\"color: red;\">te<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-5\">m<span style=\"color: red;\">u<\/span>ss<span style=\"color: red;\">ten<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-6\">m<span style=\"color: red;\">u<\/span>ss<span style=\"color: red;\">tet<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-7\">m<span style=\"color: red;\">u<\/span>ss<span style=\"color: red;\">ten<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">k<span style=\"color: red;\">\u00f6<\/span>nnen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">k<span style=\"color: red;\">o<\/span>nn<span style=\"color: red;\">te<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">k<span style=\"color: red;\">o<\/span>nn<span style=\"color: red;\">test<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">k<span style=\"color: red;\">o<\/span>nn<span style=\"color: red;\">te<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-5\">k<span style=\"color: red;\">o<\/span>nn<span style=\"color: red;\">ten<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-6\">k<span style=\"color: red;\">o<\/span>nn<span style=\"color: red;\">tet<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-7\">k<span style=\"color: red;\">o<\/span>nn<span style=\"color: red;\">ten<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">d<span style=\"color: red;\">\u00fc<\/span>rfen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">d<span style=\"color: red;\">u<\/span>rf<span style=\"color: red;\">te<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">d<span style=\"color: red;\">u<\/span>rf<span style=\"color: red;\">test<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">d<span style=\"color: red;\">u<\/span>rf<span style=\"color: red;\">te<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-5\">d<span style=\"color: red;\">u<\/span>rf<span style=\"color: red;\">ten<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-6\">d<span style=\"color: red;\">u<\/span>rf<span style=\"color: red;\">tet<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-7\">d<span style=\"color: red;\">u<\/span>rf<span style=\"color: red;\">ten<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">m<span style=\"color: red;\">\u00f6<\/span>gen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">m<span style=\"color: red;\">ochte<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">m<span style=\"color: red;\">ochtest<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">m<span style=\"color: red;\">ochte<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-5\">m<span style=\"color: red;\">ochten<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-6\">m<span style=\"color: red;\">ochtet<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-7\">m<span style=\"color: red;\">ochtet<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">s<span style=\"color: red;\">o<\/span>llen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">s<span style=\"color: red;\">o<\/span>ll<span style=\"color: red;\">te<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">s<span style=\"color: red;\">o<\/span>ll<span style=\"color: red;\">test<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">s<span style=\"color: red;\">o<\/span>ll<span style=\"color: red;\">te<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-5\">s<span style=\"color: red;\">o<\/span>ll<span style=\"color: red;\">ten<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-6\">s<span style=\"color: red;\">o<\/span>ll<span style=\"color: red;\">tet<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-7\">s<span style=\"color: red;\">o<\/span>ll<span style=\"color: red;\">ten<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">w<span style=\"color: red;\">o<\/span>llen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">w<span style=\"color: red;\">o<\/span>ll<span style=\"color: red;\">te<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">w<span style=\"color: red;\">o<\/span>ll<span style=\"color: red;\">test<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">w<span style=\"color: red;\">o<\/span>ll<span style=\"color: red;\">te<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-5\">w<span style=\"color: red;\">o<\/span>ll<span style=\"color: red;\">ten<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-6\">w<span style=\"color: red;\">o<\/span>ll<span style=\"color: red;\">tet<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-7\">w<span style=\"color: red;\">o<\/span>ll<span style=\"color: red;\">ten<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">w<span style=\"color: red;\">i<\/span>ssen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">w<span style=\"color: red;\">u<\/span>ss<span style=\"color: red;\">te<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">w<span style=\"color: red;\">u<\/span>ss<span style=\"color: red;\">test<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">w<span style=\"color: red;\">u<\/span>ss<span style=\"color: red;\">te<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-5\">w<span style=\"color: red;\">u<\/span>ss<span style=\"color: red;\">ten<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-6\">w<span style=\"color: red;\">u<\/span>ss<span style=\"color: red;\">tet<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-7\">w<span style=\"color: red;\">u<\/span>ss<span style=\"color: red;\">ten<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1230 from cache --><\/p>\n<p>Pozor na sloveso <strong>m\u00f6gen<\/strong>. Ve v\u0161ech tvarech pr\u00e9terita se nav\u00edc <strong>-g-<\/strong> m\u011bn\u00ed na \u00a0<strong>-ch-<\/strong>. Tato zm\u011bna je ve v\u0161ech osob\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Ich <strong>mag<\/strong> Sachertorte mit Schlagsahne. (M\u00e1m r\u00e1d Sacher se \u0161leha\u010dkou.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Ich <strong>mochte<\/strong> Sachertorte mit Schlagsahne. (M\u011bl jsem r\u00e1d Sacher se \u0161leha\u010dkou.)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"study-zvyrazneni\"><strong>TIP: <\/strong>Jestli\u017ee chcete pou\u017e\u00edt <strong>mod\u00e1ln\u00ed sloveso v minulosti<\/strong>, jednozna\u010dn\u011b doporu\u010dujeme <strong>d\u00e1t p\u0159ednost pr\u00e9teritu<\/strong> p\u0159ed perfektem. M\u00e1 to hned n\u011bkolik v\u00fdhod. Tvar slovesa je jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed a krat\u0161\u00ed. Nav\u00edc se vyvarujete tzv. vazb\u011b dvou infinitiv\u016f v perfektu a u\u0161et\u0159\u00edte si t\u00edm mnoho starost\u00ed.<\/div>\n<p>\n<table id=\"tablepress-1231\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1231\">\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Als Kind <b>musste<\/b> ich jeden Morgen um 6.30 <b>aufstehen<\/b>.<br \/>\n<i>(Jako d\u00edt\u011b jsem musel ka\u017ed\u00e9 r\u00e1no vst\u00e1vat v 6.30.)<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">pr\u00e9teritum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Als Kinde <b>habe<\/b> ich jeden Morgen um 6.30 <b>aufstehen m\u00fcssen<\/b>.<br \/>\n<i>(Jako d\u00edt\u011b jsem musel ka\u017ed\u00e9 r\u00e1no vst\u00e1vat v 6.30.)<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">perfektum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1231 from cache -->[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_id=&#8220;6&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3>6. Slovesa haben, sein a werden v pr\u00e9teritu<\/h3>\n<p>Stejn\u011b jako u mod\u00e1ln\u00edch sloves i u sloves <strong>sein (b\u00fdt), haben (m\u00edt) a werden (st\u00e1t se)<\/strong> se mnohem <strong>\u010dast\u011bji pro vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed minulosti pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tvary pr\u00e9terita<\/strong>. D\u016fvodem je op\u011bt jejich krat\u0161\u00ed tvar. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed tabulce naleznete srovn\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e9terita a perfekta a jist\u011b n\u00e1m d\u00e1te za pravdu.<\/p>\n<h4>Sloveso <i>sein<\/i><\/h4>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1232\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1232\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\"><\/th><th class=\"column-2\">p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">pr\u00e9teritum<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">perfektum<\/th><th class=\"column-5\"><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">ich<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">bin<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color: red;\"> war <\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">bin gewesen<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><i> byl jsem <\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">du<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">bist<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color: red;\"> warst <\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">bist gewesen<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><i> byl jsi <\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">er, sie, es<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">ist<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color: red;\"> war <\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">ist gewesen<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><i> byl, byla, bylo <\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">wir<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">sind<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color: red;\"> waren <\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">sind gewesen<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><i> byli jsme <\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">ihr<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">seid<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color: red;\"> wart <\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">seid gewesen<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><i> byli jste <\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">sie,Sie<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">sind<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color: red;\"> waren <\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">sind gewesen<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><i> byli jste, byl\/a jste<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1232 from cache -->\n<p>Sloveso <strong>sein<\/strong> tvo\u0159\u00ed v <strong>pr\u00e9teritu<\/strong> samostatn\u00fd tvar <i>war<\/i>, ke kter\u00e9mu ve 2. os. \u010d. j. a ve v\u0161ech osob\u00e1ch \u010d\u00edsla mno\u017en\u00e9ho p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1te koncovky dan\u00fdch osob.<\/p>\n<p>\n<table id=\"tablepress-1233\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1233\">\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Er <b>war<\/b> gestern in Prag.<br \/>\n<i>(Byl v\u010dera v Praze.)<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">pr\u00e9teritum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Er <b>ist<\/b> gestern in Prag <b>gewesen<\/b>.<br \/>\n<i>(Byl v\u010dera v Praze.)<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">perfektum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1233 from cache -->[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4>Sloveso <i>haben<\/i><\/h4>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1234\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1234\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\"><\/th><th class=\"column-2\">p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">pr\u00e9teritum<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">perfektum<\/th><th class=\"column-5\"><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">ich<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">habe<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color: red;\">hatte<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">habe gehabt<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><i>m\u011bl jsem<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">du<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">hast<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color: red;\">hattest<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">hast gehabt<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><i>m\u011bl jsi<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">er, sie, es<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">hat<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color: red;\">hatte<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">hat gehabt<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><i>m\u011bl, m\u011bla, m\u011blo<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">wir<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">haben<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color: red;\">hatten<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">haben gehabt<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><i>m\u011bli jsme<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">ihr<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">habt<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color: red;\">hattet<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">habt gehabt<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><i>m\u011bli jste<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">sie, Sie<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">haben<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color: red;\">hatten<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">haben gehabt<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><i>m\u011bli-y, m\u011bl-i\/y jste<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1234 from cache -->\n<p>Sloveso <b>haben<\/b> tvo\u0159\u00ed <b>v pr\u00e9teritu<\/b> samotn\u00fd tvar <i>hatte<\/i>, ke kter\u00e9mu ve 2. os. \u010d. j. a ve v\u0161ech osob\u00e1ch \u010d\u00edsla mno\u017en\u00e9ho p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1te koncovky dan\u00fdch osob.<\/p>\n<p>\n<table id=\"tablepress-1235\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1235\">\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Er <b>hatte<\/b> nicht genug Zeit.<br \/>\n<i>(Nem\u011bl dost \u010dasu.)<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">pr\u00e9teritum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Er <b>hat<\/b> nicht genug Zeit <b>gehabt<\/b>.<br \/>\n<i>(Nem\u011bl dost \u010dasu.)<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">perfektum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1235 from cache -->[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h4>Sloveso <i>werden<\/i><\/h4>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1236\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1236\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\"><\/th><th class=\"column-2\">p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">pr\u00e9teritum<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">perfektum<\/th><th class=\"column-5\"><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">ich<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">werde<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color: red;\">wurde<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">bin geworen<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><i>staj jsem se<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">du<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">wirst<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color: red;\">wurdest<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">bist geworden<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><i>stal ses<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">er, sie, es<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">wird<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color: red;\">wurde<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">ist geworden<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><i>stal\/a\/o se<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">wir<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">werden<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color: red;\">wurden<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">sind geworden<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><i>stali jsme se<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">ihr<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">werdet<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color: red;\">wurdet<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">seid geworden<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><i>stali jste se<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">sie, Sie<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">werden<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><span style=\"color: red;\">wurden<\/span><\/td><td class=\"column-4\">sind geworden<\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><i>stali se, stal\/a jste se<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1236 from cache -->\n<p>Sloveso <b>werden<\/b> tvo\u0159\u00ed <b>v pr\u00e9teritu<\/b> samostan\u00fd tvar <i>wurde<\/i>, ke kter\u00e9mu ve 2.os. \u010d.j. a ve v\u0161ech osob\u00e1ch \u010d\u00edsla mno\u017en\u00e9ho p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1te koncovky dan\u00fdch osob.<\/p>\n<p>\n<table id=\"tablepress-1237\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1237\">\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Die Situation <b>wurde<\/b> besser.<br \/>\n<i>(Situace se zlep\u0161ovala.)<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">pr\u00e9teritum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Die Situation <b>ist<\/b> besser <b>geworden<\/b>.<br \/>\n<i>(Situace se zlep\u0161ovala.)<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">perfektum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1237 from cache -->[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_id=&#8220;7&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3>7. Procvi\u010den\u00ed na z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h3>\n<p>Na z\u00e1v\u011br tu pro v\u00e1s m\u00e1me kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/student.onlinejazyky.cz\/lesson\/public-detail\/id\/182338\/hash\/738e00f63dbf48a360a84e923a5fd084\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cvi\u010den\u00ed na pr\u00e9teritum<\/a>, abyste si ov\u011b\u0159ili, zda v\u0161emu rozum\u00edte. Cvi\u010den\u00ed si m\u016f\u017eete vyzkou\u0161et online a zdarma pomoc\u00ed aplikace <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinejazyky.cz\/?a_box=9b95canf&amp;a_cam=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Onlinejazyky.cz<\/a> Syst\u00e9m ihned uk\u00e1\u017ee va\u0161e odpov\u011bdi a jejich spr\u00e1vnost.<\/p>\n<p>Nebo se na cvi\u010den\u00ed m\u016f\u017eete kouknout tady v \u010dl\u00e1nku. \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed najdete pod cvi\u010den\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p><b>Dopl\u0148te vhodn\u00e1 slovesa v pr\u00e9teritu<\/b><br \/>\nkommen (p\u0159ij\u00edt), fahren (jezdit), bekommen (dostat), finden (naj\u00edt), trinken (p\u00edt), essen (j\u00edst), heiraten (\u017eenit se, vd\u00e1vat se), tanzen (tan\u010dit), leben (\u017e\u00edt), feiern (slavit), sein 2x (b\u00fdt), werden (st\u00e1t se), haben (m\u00edt).<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Es \u2026\u2026\u2026. eine K\u00f6nigin und sie \u2026\u2026\u2026. eine sch\u00f6ne Tochter.<\/li>\n<li>Als die Prinzessin 18 Jahre alt \u2026\u2026\u2026., \u2026\u2026\u2026. sie einen Mann.<\/li>\n<li>Sie \u2026\u2026\u2026. bald.<\/li>\n<li>Viele G\u00e4ste \u2026\u2026\u2026. zur Hochzeit.<\/li>\n<li>Sie \u2026\u2026\u2026. und \u2026\u2026\u2026. viel.<\/li>\n<li>Alle \u2026\u2026\u2026. und \u2026\u2026\u2026. bis zum Morgen.<\/li>\n<li>N\u00e4chsten Tag \u2026\u2026\u2026.. sie nach Hause.<\/li>\n<li>Sie \u2026\u2026\u2026. bald viele Kinder und \u2026\u2026\u2026. gl\u00fccklich f\u00fcr alle Zeiten.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>war, hatte<\/li>\n<li>war, fand<\/li>\n<li>heiratete<\/li>\n<li>kamen<\/li>\n<li>a\u00dfen, tranken<\/li>\n<li>feierten, tanzten<\/li>\n<li>fuhren<\/li>\n<li>wurde<\/li>\n<li>bekamen, lebten<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] Co je pr\u00e9teritum a kdy se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 Tvo\u0159en\u00ed pr\u00e9terita u pravideln\u00fdch sloves v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b Tvo\u0159en\u00ed pr\u00e9terita u nepravideln\u00fdch sloves v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b Pr\u00e9teritum u sloves s odlu\u010ditelnou a neodlu\u010ditelnou p\u0159edponou Mod\u00e1ln\u00ed slovesa v pr\u00e9teritu Slovesa sein, haben, werden v pr\u00e9teritu Procvi\u010den\u00ed na z\u00e1v\u011br [\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text] Jestli\u017ee chcete v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b vyj\u00e1d\u0159it minul\u00fd \u010das, jednou z mo\u017enost\u00ed je [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1525,"featured_media":107227,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[321],"tags":[989],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.10 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Pr\u00e9teritum (Pr\u00e4teritum) - Minul\u00fd \u010das v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b - SoGood Languages<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nev\u00edte, jak na Pr\u00e9teritum v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b? 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