{"id":107438,"date":"2021-05-31T14:33:06","date_gmt":"2021-05-31T12:33:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.sogoodlanguages.com\/?p=107438"},"modified":"2021-07-02T10:05:15","modified_gmt":"2021-07-02T08:05:15","slug":"casovani-sloves-konjugation-der-verben","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.sogoodlanguages.com\/cs\/casovani-sloves-konjugation-der-verben\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010casov\u00e1n\u00ed sloves (Konjugation der Verben)"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 21px;\">Tentokr\u00e1t jsme si pro v\u00e1s p\u0159ipravili d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 shrnut\u00ed \u201cjak \u010dasovat slovesa\u201d. Pod\u00edv\u00e1me se jak na slovesa pravideln\u00e1, tak nepravideln\u00e1, sezn\u00e1m\u00edte se tak\u00e9 s mod\u00e1ln\u00edmi slovesy a jejich r\u016fzn\u00fdmi v\u00fdznamy, dozv\u00edte se n\u011bco o slovesech sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fdch.<br \/>\nPosv\u00edt\u00edme si na \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed sloves v \u010dase p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m i minul\u00e9m, v\u010detn\u011b slovesa haben a sein, nevynech\u00e1me ani tvo\u0159en\u00ed rozkazovac\u00edho zp\u016fsobu. Pom\u016f\u017eeme v\u00e1m p\u0159ekonat n\u00e1strahy odlu\u010diteln\u00fdch a neodlu\u010diteln\u00fdch p\u0159edpon. Uk\u00e1\u017eeme v\u00e1m tak\u00e9 n\u011bkolik pom\u016fcek, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1m \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed usnadn\u00ed. Nakonec si v\u0161e zopakujete v kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m cvi\u010den\u00ed.<\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a class=\"js-anchor\" href=\"#1\"> Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed rozd\u011blen\u00ed sloves <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"js-anchor\" href=\"#2\"> \u010casov\u00e1n\u00ed sloves pravideln\u00fdch \u2013 p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"js-anchor\" href=\"#3\"> \u010casov\u00e1n\u00ed sloves nepravideln\u00fdch \u2013 p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"js-anchor\" href=\"#4\"> \u010casov\u00e1n\u00ed sloves s odlu\u010ditelnou a neodlu\u010ditelnou p\u0159edponou <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"js-anchor\" href=\"#5\"> \u010casov\u00e1n\u00ed mod\u00e1ln\u00edch sloves <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"js-anchor\" href=\"#6\"> \u010casov\u00e1n\u00ed sloves haben, sein, werden (pomocn\u00e1 slovesa) <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"js-anchor\" href=\"#7\"> Rozkazovac\u00ed zp\u016fsob <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"js-anchor\" href=\"#8\"> Pr\u00e9teritum <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"js-anchor\" href=\"#9\"> Perfektum <\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"js-anchor\" href=\"#10\"> Sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e1 slovesa <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_id=&#8220;1&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3>1. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed rozd\u011blen\u00ed sloves<\/h3>\n<p>Bez sloves se v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b jednodu\u0161e neobejdete. Jsou z\u00e1kladn\u00edm stavebn\u00edm kamenem jednoduch\u00fdch v\u011bt i souv\u011bt\u00ed. V ka\u017ed\u00e9 v\u011bt\u011b hraj\u00ed jinou roli. Mohou <strong>vyjad\u0159ovat \u010dinnost, stav nebo zm\u011bnu stavu<\/strong>. Jejich spole\u010dn\u00fdm znakem ov\u0161em je, \u017ee se <strong>\u010dasuj\u00ed<\/strong>. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sloveso p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 koncovku pat\u0159\u00edc\u00ed k dan\u00e9 osob\u011b.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>ich mach<span style=\"color: red;\">e<\/span> (j\u00e1 d\u011bl\u00e1m)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>er spiel<span style=\"color: red;\">t<\/span> (on hraje)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V n\u011bm\u010din\u011b existuje mnoho druh\u016f sloves a m\u016f\u017eeme je rozd\u011blit podle r\u016fzn\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se slovesa d\u011bl\u00ed na <strong>dv\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00ed skupiny<\/strong>. Slovesa <strong>plnov\u00fdznamov\u00e1<\/strong> a <strong>neplnov\u00fdznamov\u00e1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Slovesa plnov\u00fdznamov\u00e1<\/strong> maj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed v\u011bcn\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Ve v\u011bt\u011b vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed d\u011bj\/\u010dinnost nebo stav \u010di jeho zm\u011bnu.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Das Kind spielt im Kindergarten. (D\u00edt\u011b si hraje ve \u0161kolce.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Er wird Arzt. (Stane se l\u00e9ka\u0159em.)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Skupina plnov\u00fdznamov\u00fdch sloves je v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b velmi \u0161irok\u00e1, zahrnuje velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed sloves. V jej\u00edm r\u00e1mci se d\u011bl\u00ed slovesa na dv\u011b skupiny.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Slovesa pravideln\u00e1\/slab\u00e1<\/strong> a <strong>slovesa nepravideln\u00e1\/siln\u00e1<\/strong>. V \u010dem jsou tyto skupiny odli\u0161n\u00e9?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Slovesa pravideln\u00e1\/slab\u00e1<\/strong> tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159i \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed pravideln\u00e9 tvary ve v\u0161ech gramatick\u00fdch \u010dasech.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Slovesa nepravideln\u00e1\/siln\u00e1<\/strong> tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159i \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed nepravideln\u00e9 tvary bu\u010f ve v\u0161ech gramatick\u00fdch \u010dasech nebo pouze v \u010dasech minul\u00fdch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Slovesa neplnov\u00fdznamov\u00e1<\/strong> naopak nemaj\u00ed pln\u00fd v\u011bcn\u00fd v\u00fdznam a b\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou dopln\u011bna dal\u0161\u00edm plnov\u00fdznamov\u00fdm slovesem. Pat\u0159\u00ed sem p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm mod\u00e1ln\u00ed slovesa, jejich\u017e funkc\u00ed je ur\u010den\u00ed okolnost\u00ed d\u011bje.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Ich muss zur Arbeit gehen. (Mus\u00edm j\u00edt do pr\u00e1ce.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Er m\u00f6chte noch einen Kaffee bestellen. (R\u00e1d by si objednal je\u0161t\u011b k\u00e1vu.)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00edce o v\u0161ech skupin\u00e1ch se dozv\u00edte v \u010dl\u00e1nku <a href=\"https:\/\/dev.sogoodlanguages.com\/cs\/nemcina\/nepravidelna-slovesa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nepravideln\u00e1 slovesa<\/a>.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_id=&#8220;2&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3>2.\u010casov\u00e1n\u00ed sloves pravideln\u00fdch \u2013 p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das<\/h3>\n<p>V n\u011bm\u010din\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me slovesa v\u011bt\u0161inou v ur\u010dit\u00fdch tvarech. Co to znamen\u00e1? <strong>Sloveso ve tvaru ur\u010dit\u00e9m = vy\u010dasovan\u00e9 sloveso.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Pravideln\u00e1 slovesa<\/strong>, jak u\u017e n\u00e1zev napov\u00edd\u00e1, se \u010dasuj\u00ed pravideln\u011b. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se <strong>ve v\u0161ech tvarech<\/strong> chovaj\u00ed dle \u201epravidel\u201c a tvo\u0159\u00ed <strong>pravideln\u00e9 formy ve v\u0161ech \u010dasech.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nejd\u0159\u00edve si uk\u00e1\u017eeme <strong>\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed pravideln\u00fdch sloves v p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase ve 3 jednoduch\u00fdch kroc\u00edch.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1.<\/strong> V\u017edy vych\u00e1zejte <strong>z infinitivn\u00edho tvaru slovesa<\/strong> (= z\u00e1kladn\u00ed tvar slovesa, u kter\u00e9ho nelze ur\u010dit osoba, \u010d\u00edslo ani slovesn\u00fd \u010das). Infinitiv slovesa v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b m\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161inou koncovku -en.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>mach<span style=\"color: red;\">en<\/span> (d\u011blat)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>sag<span style=\"color: red;\">en<\/span> (ps\u00e1t)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: red;\">ALE:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>plaud<span style=\"color: red;\">ern<\/span> (pov\u00eddat si)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>l\u00e4ch<span style=\"color: red;\">eln<\/span> (usm\u00edvat se)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2.<\/strong> Odejm\u011bte infinitivn\u00ed koncovku <strong><span style=\"color: red;\">-en (-ern, -eln)<\/span><\/strong>. Vznikne tzv. <strong>slovesn\u00fd kmen<\/strong>, se kter\u00fdm budete d\u00e1le pracovat.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>mach<span style=\"color: red;\"><s>en<\/s><\/span> \u2192 mach<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>sag<span style=\"color: red;\"><s>en<\/s><\/span> \u2192 sag<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>l\u00e4ch<span style=\"color: red;\"><s>eln<\/s><\/span> \u2192 l\u00e4ch<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>3. Ke slovesn\u00e9mu kmeni p\u0159ipoj\u00edte koncovku dan\u00e9 osoby.<\/strong> V n\u011bm\u010din\u011b se ke ka\u017ed\u00e9mu osobn\u00edmu z\u00e1jmenu poj\u00ed jin\u00e1 koncovka. <strong>Nezapome\u0148te z\u00e1rove\u0148 s koncovkou uv\u00e9st i dan\u00e9 osobn\u00ed z\u00e1jmeno nebo podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no.<\/strong> V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed tabulce zjist\u00edte, jak\u00e9 koncovky pat\u0159\u00ed k dan\u00e9mu osobn\u00edmu z\u00e1jmenu.<br \/>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1258\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1258\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">osoba + koncovka<\/th><th class=\"column-2\"><\/th><th class=\"column-3\">osoba + koncovka<\/th><th class=\"column-4\"><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">ich<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><b>-e<\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">wir<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><b>-en<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">du<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><b>-st<\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">ihr<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><b>-t<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">er, sie, es<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><b>-t<\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">sie\/ Sie<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><b>-en<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1258 from cache --><\/p>\n<p>\n<table id=\"tablepress-1259\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1259\">\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><b>ich<\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">ich mach <b>+ e<\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><i>(j\u00e1 d\u011bl\u00e1m)<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><b>wir<\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-5\">wir sag <b>+ en<\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><i>(my \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me)<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><b>du<\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">du mach <b>+ st<\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><i>(ty d\u011bl\u00e1\u0161)<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><b>ihr<\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-5\">ihr sag <b>+ t<\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><i>(vy \u0159\u00edk\u00e1te)<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><b>er<\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">er mach <b>+ t<\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><i> (on d\u011bl\u00e1)<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><b>sie<\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-5\">sie sag <b>+ en<\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><i>(oni \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed)<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><b>sie<\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">sie mach <b>+ t<\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><i>(ona d\u011bl\u00e1)<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><b>Sie<\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-5\">Sie sag <b>+ en<\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><i>(Vy \u0159\u00edk\u00e1te)<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><b>es<\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">es mach <b>+ t<\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><i>(ono d\u011bl\u00e1)<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><\/td><td class=\"column-5\"><\/td><td class=\"column-6\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1259 from cache -->[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<strong>POZOR!!! V n\u011bm\u010din\u011b tvo\u0159\u00ed podm\u011bt a p\u0159\u00edsudek neodd\u011blitelnou dvojici<\/strong>. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159i \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho slovesa mus\u00edte v\u017edy uv\u00e9st i podm\u011bt. Podm\u011btem b\u00fdv\u00e1 nej\u010dast\u011bji osobn\u00ed z\u00e1jmeno nebo podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no v 1. p\u00e1d\u011b. \u010ce\u0161tina na rozd\u00edl od n\u011bm\u010diny vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00fd podm\u011bt v\u011bt\u0161inou nevy\u017eaduje, proto v p\u0159ekladu podm\u011bt neuvid\u00edte.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em> Er sagt es oft. (\u0158\u00edk\u00e1 to \u010dasto.) <\/em><\/li>\n<li><em> Wir warten auf den Bus. (\u010cek\u00e1me na autobus.) <\/em><\/li>\n<li><em> Die Frau kocht. (\u017dena va\u0159\u00ed.) <\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"study-zvyrazneni\"><strong>TIP: <\/strong> Podstatn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na jsou v\u017edy zastoupena osobn\u00edmi z\u00e1jmeny se stejn\u00fdm rodem a \u010d\u00edslem.<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><em>die Frau = sie (3. os. \u010d. j.) X die Menschen = sie (3. os. \u010d. mn.) <\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>der Mann = er (3. os. \u010d. j.) <\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>das Kind = es (3. os. \u010d. j.) <\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p>Tak a m\u00e1te hotovo. Vlastn\u011b je\u0161t\u011b ne \u00fapln\u011b. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee <strong>slovesn\u00fd kmen kon\u010d\u00ed<\/strong> na <u>-t, -d, -m a -n<\/u>, p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1me ve <u>2. a 3. os. \u010d. j. a 2. os. \u010d. mn.<\/u> nav\u00edc je\u0161t\u011b vkladn\u00e9 <strong>-e<\/strong>. Je to z d\u016fvodu snadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdslovnosti.<\/p>\n<p>\n<table id=\"tablepress-1260\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1260\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">arbeiten<\/th><th class=\"column-2\"><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">du arbeitest\t<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>(pracuje\u0161)<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">er, sie, es arbeitet<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>(pracuje)<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">ihr arbeitet<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>(pracujete)<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1260 from cache --><br \/>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1262\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1262\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">reden<\/th><th class=\"column-2\"><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">du redest<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>(mluv\u00ed\u0161)<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">er, sie, es redet<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>(mluv\u00ed)<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">ihr redet<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>(mluv\u00edte)<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1262 from cache --><br \/>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1263\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1263\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">atmen<\/th><th class=\"column-2\"><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">du atmest<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>(d\u00fdch\u00e1\u0161)<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">er, sie, es atmet<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>(d\u00fdch\u00e1)<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">ihr atmet<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>(d\u00fdch\u00e1te)<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1263 from cache --><br \/>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1264\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1264\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">rechnen<\/th><th class=\"column-2\"><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">du rechnest<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>(po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1\u0161)<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">er, sie, es rechnet<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>(po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1)<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">ihr rechnet<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>(po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1te)<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1264 from cache --><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"study-zvyrazneni\"><strong>TIP: <\/strong> Nej\u010dast\u011bji se setk\u00e1te <strong>se slovesn\u00fdm kmene kon\u010d\u00edc\u00edm na -t<\/strong>. Doporu\u010dujeme postupn\u011b si takov\u00e1 slovesa zapamatovat, abyste se vyvarovali zbyte\u010dn\u00fdch chyb.<\/div>\n<p>Stejn\u011b ostra\u017eit\u00ed bu\u010fte i <strong>u sloves, jejich\u017e slovesn\u00fd kmen kon\u010d\u00ed na sykavku<\/strong>. V n\u011bm\u010din\u011b jde o <u>-s, -ss, -\u00df<\/u>. U t\u011bchto sloves je <strong>tvar 2. a 3. os. \u010d. j. v\u017edy stejn\u00fd<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\n<table id=\"tablepress-1265\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1265\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">hei\u00dfen<\/th><th class=\"column-2\"><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">du hei\u00dft<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>(jmenuje\u0161 se)<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">er hei\u00dft<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>(jmenuje se)<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1265 from cache --><br \/>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1266\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1266\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">passen<\/th><th class=\"column-2\"><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">du passt<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>(hod\u00ed\u0161 se)<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">er passt<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>(hod\u00ed se)<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1266 from cache -->[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_id=&#8220;3&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3>3. \u010casov\u00e1n\u00ed sloves nepravideln\u00fdch \u2013 p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Nepravideln\u00e1 slovesa tvo\u0159\u00ed<\/strong> p\u0159i \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed <strong>nepravideln\u00e9 tvary<\/strong>. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee <strong>uprost\u0159ed slovesn\u00e9ho kmene se m\u011bn\u00ed jeho samohl\u00e1ska<\/strong>. Koncovky, kter\u00e9 se ke sloven\u00e9mu kmeni p\u0159ipojuj\u00ed, v\u0161ak st\u00e1le z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Ke zm\u011bn\u011b kmenov\u00e9 samohl\u00e1sky doch\u00e1z\u00ed pouze <strong>ve 2. a 3. os. \u010d. j.<\/strong> V p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase se jedn\u00e1 o n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed dv\u011b zm\u011bny:<br \/>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1267\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1267\">\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><b>e<\/b> m\u011bn\u00ed <b>i\/ie<\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">g<u>e<\/u>ben<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">du g<u>i<\/u>bst<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><i>d\u00e1v\u00e1\u0161<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er g<u>i<\/u>bt\t<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><i>d\u00e1v\u00e1<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">l<u>esen<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">du l<u>ie<\/u>st<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><i>\u010dte\u0161<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er l<u>ie<\/u>st\t<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><i>\u010dte<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><b>a\/au<\/b> m\u011bn\u00ed <b>\u00e4\/\u00e4u<\/b><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">f<u>a<\/u>hren<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">du f<u>\u00e4<\/u>hrst<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><i>jede\u0161<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er f<u>\u00e4<\/u>hrt\t<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><i>jede<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">l<u>a<\/u>ufen<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">du l<u>\u00e4u<\/u>fst<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><i>b\u011b\u017e\u00ed\u0161<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er l<u>\u00e4u<\/u>ft<\/td><td class=\"column-4\"><i>b\u011b\u017e\u00ed<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1267 from cache --><br \/>\nPokud se chcete dozv\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edce informac\u00ed o nepravideln\u00fdch slovesech, pod\u00edvejte se na n\u00e1\u0161 \u010dl\u00e1nek <a href=\"https:\/\/dev.sogoodlanguages.com\/cs\/nemcina\/nepravidelna-slovesa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nepravideln\u00e1 slovesa<\/a>. Najdete v n\u011bm p\u0159ehlednou tabulku \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed a seznam nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch nepravideln\u00fdch sloves.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_id=&#8220;4&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3>4. \u010casov\u00e1n\u00ed sloves s odlu\u010ditelnou a neodlu\u010ditelnou p\u0159edponou<\/h3>\n<p>Polo\u017e\u00edm v\u00e1m ot\u00e1zku. Co maj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9ho tato slovesa? &#8211; <em>Abfahren, ankommen, aufr\u00e4umen, einkaufen.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Odpov\u011b\u010f je jednoduch\u00e1. V\u0161echna slovesa za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed <strong>odlu\u010ditelnou p\u0159edponou<\/strong>. Netu\u0161\u00edte, co to znamen\u00e1? Nevad\u00ed, to se te\u010f dozv\u00edte.<\/p>\n<p>Nejd\u0159\u00edve si vyjasn\u00edme, kter\u00e9 <strong>p\u0159edpony<\/strong> jsou vlastn\u011b <strong>odlu\u010diteln\u00e9<\/strong>. Jde o n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159edpony: <strong>ab-, an-, auf-, aus-, bei-, ein-, mit-, nach-, vor-, zu-<\/strong>. Tuto skupinu lze je\u0161t\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it o <strong>dal\u0161\u00ed (m\u00e9n\u011b obvykl\u00e9) odlu\u010diteln\u00e9 p\u0159edpony: los-, her-, hin-, weg-, weiter-, zur\u00fcck-, zusammen-<\/strong>. Zde je najdete v p\u0159ehledn\u00e9m seznamu s p\u0159\u00edklady.<br \/>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1268\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1268\">\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">abfahren<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>odjet<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er f\u00e4hrt ab<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">ankommen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>p\u0159ijet<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er kommt an<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">aufr\u00e4umen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>ukl\u00edzet<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er r\u00e4umt auf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">auspacken<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>rozbalit<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er packt aus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">beitragen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>p\u0159isp\u011bt<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er tr\u00e4gt bei<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">einkaufen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>nakupovat<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er kauft ein<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">mitteilen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>sd\u011blit<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er teilt mit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">nachsehen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>pod\u00edvat se<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er sieht nach<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">vorschlagen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>navrhnout<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er schl\u00e4gt vor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-10 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">zumachen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>zav\u0159\u00edt<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er macht zu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-11 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">loslassen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>pustit<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er l\u00e4sst los<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-12 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">herstellen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>vyrobit<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er stellt her<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-13 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">hinfahren<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>jet tam<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er f\u00e4hrt hin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-14 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">weggehen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>odej\u00edt<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er geht weg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-15 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">weitermachen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>pokra\u010dovat<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er macht weiter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-16 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">zur\u00fcckgeben<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>vr\u00e1tit<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er gibt zur\u00fcck<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-17 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">zusammenpassen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>shodovat se<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er passt zusammen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1268 from cache --><\/p>\n<p>Odlu\u010diteln\u00e9 p\u0159edpony tedy u\u017e zn\u00e1te. Co si s nimi m\u00e1te po\u010d\u00edt? Jestli\u017ee <strong>sloveso za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 odlu\u010ditelnou p\u0159edponou, mus\u00ed se tato p\u0159edpona p\u0159i \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed odlou\u010dit<\/strong>. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159edponu posunete \u00fapln\u011b na konec v\u011bty a za n\u00ed ji\u017e nic jin\u00e9ho nestoj\u00ed. Pod\u00edvejte se na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Kommt er heute um 10.00 Uhr an? (P\u0159ijede dnes v 10.00 hodin?)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Ich r\u00e4ume mein Zimmer auf. (Ukl\u00edz\u00edm sv\u016fj pokoj.) <\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Der Zug f\u00e4hrt schnell ab. (Vlak rychle odj\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed.) <\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Wir kaufen nicht gern ein. (Nakupujeme neradi.)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Stejn\u011b postupujte i v pr\u00e9teritu<\/strong>, tedy v minul\u00e9m \u010dasu jednoduch\u00e9m.<br \/>\nDan\u00e9 sloveso vy\u010dasujte a p\u0159edponu nechte na konci v\u011bty.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em> Kam er heute um 10.00 Uhr an? (P\u0159ijel dnes v 10.00 hodin?)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Ich r\u00e4umte mein Zimmer auf. (Ukl\u00edzela jsem sv\u016fj pokoj.) <\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>U <strong>perfekta<\/strong>, tedy minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu slo\u017een\u00e9ho, se tvar p\u0159\u00ed\u010dest\u00ed minul\u00e9ho tvo\u0159\u00ed <strong>vlo\u017een\u00edm ge- mezi odlu\u010ditelnou p\u0159edponu a zbytek slovesa<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Ist er heute um 10.00 Uhr angekommen? (P\u0159ijel dnes v 10.00 hodin?)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Ich habe mein Zimmer aufger\u00e4umt. (Ukl\u00edzela jsem sv\u016fj pokoj.) <\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>POZOR!! Existuje <strong>jedin\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy vy\u010dasovan\u00e9 sloveso a odlu\u010diteln\u00e1 p\u0159edpona stoj\u00ed vedle sebe<\/strong>. Jde o <strong>vedlej\u0161\u00ed v\u011bty<\/strong>. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se <strong>sloveso s odlu\u010ditelnou p\u0159edponou na konci v\u011bty spoj\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Ich wei\u00df, dass sie gern einkauft. (V\u00edm, \u017ee r\u00e1da nakupuje.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em> Er ist eilig, weil der Zug bald ankommt. (Sp\u011bch\u00e1, proto\u017ee brzy p\u0159ijede vlak.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em> Wir sind nicht sicher, ob er es vorschl\u00e4gt. (Nejsme si jisti, zda to navrhne.) <\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Te\u010f u\u017e n\u00e1m zb\u00fdvaj\u00ed jen <strong>p\u0159edpony neodlu\u010diteln\u00e9<\/strong>. Jsou to jednodu\u0161e v\u0161echny p\u0159edpony, kter\u00e9 p\u0159i \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed dohromady se slovesem. \u010casto u nich ani nevn\u00edm\u00e1me, \u017ee o n\u011bjakou p\u0159edponu v\u016fbec jde.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em> Er besucht seine Eltern. (Nav\u0161t\u011bvuje sv\u00e9 rodi\u010de.) <\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Wir verkaufen unser neues Auto. (Prod\u00e1v\u00e1me na\u0161e nov\u00e9 auto.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em> Empfiehlst du es uns? (Doporu\u010d\u00ed\u0161 n\u00e1m to?)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Wann erfahren Sie es? (Kdy se to dozv\u00edte?) <\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pro po\u0159\u00e1dek si uvedeme jejich kompletn\u00ed p\u0159ehled s p\u0159\u00edklady. Do t\u00e9to skupiny pat\u0159\u00ed: <strong>be-, empf-, ent-, er-, ge-, miss-, ver- zer<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1269\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1269\">\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">besuchen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>nav\u0161t\u00edvit<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er besucht<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">empfehlen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>doporu\u010dit<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er empfiehlt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">entdecken<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>objevit<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er entdeckt<br \/>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">erfahren<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>dozv\u011bd\u011bt se<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er erf\u00e4hrt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">geh\u00f6ren<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>pat\u0159it<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er geh\u00f6rt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">misstrauen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>ned\u016fv\u011b\u0159ovat<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er misstraut<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">verkaufen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>prod\u00e1vat<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er verkauft<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">zerbrechen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>rozb\u00edt<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er zerbricht<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1269 from cache --><\/p>\n<p>V <strong>pr\u00e9teritu<\/strong>, stejn\u011b jako v \u010dase p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m, <strong>z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159edpona u slovesa<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Er besuchte seine Eltern. (Nav\u0161t\u00edvil sv\u00e9 rodi\u010de.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Empfahlst du es uns? (Doporu\u010dil n\u00e1m to?)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>U <strong>perfekta<\/strong> se v t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech <strong>v p\u0159\u00ed\u010dest\u00ed minul\u00e9m nikdy nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159edpona ge-<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em> Er hat seine Eltern besucht. (Nav\u0161t\u00edvil sv\u00e9 rodi\u010de.) <\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Hast du es uns empfohlen? (Doporu\u010dil n\u00e1m to?)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"study-zvyrazneni\"><strong>TIP: <\/strong> V\u00edce o neodlu\u010diteln\u00fdch a odlu\u010diteln\u00fdch p\u0159edpon\u00e1ch v minul\u00e9m \u010dase se dozv\u00edte v gramatick\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku <a href=\"https:\/\/dev.sogoodlanguages.com\/cs\/nemcina\/perfektum\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Perfektum<\/a>.<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_id=&#8220;5&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3>5. \u010casov\u00e1n\u00ed mod\u00e1ln\u00edch sloves<\/h3>\n<p>V\u0161imn\u011bte si, jak \u010dasto ve sv\u00e9m vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me slovesa muset, cht\u00edt, moci, um\u011bt nebo sm\u011bt. V\u011bd\u011bli jste, \u017ee jde o mod\u00e1ln\u00ed slovesa?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mod\u00e1ln\u00ed neboli zp\u016fsobov\u00e1 slovesa<\/strong> nevyjad\u0159uj\u00ed d\u011bj, \u010dinnost, stav nebo zm\u011bnu stavu. K tomu slou\u017e\u00ed slovesa plnov\u00fdznamov\u00e1. <strong>Mod\u00e1ln\u00ed slovesa v\u017edy vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed okolnosti, za kter\u00fdch d\u011bj prob\u00edh\u00e1<\/strong>. Je dobr\u00e9 si to p\u0159i jejich pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u017edy uv\u011bdomit. Touto optikou se na n\u011b pod\u00edv\u00e1me a uk\u00e1\u017eeme si mo\u017en\u00e9 varianty jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed. Nejd\u0159\u00edve v\u0161ak jejich z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159ehled.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>d\u00fcrfen<\/strong> &#8211; sm\u011bt<\/li>\n<li><strong> k\u00f6nnen<\/strong> \u2013 moci, um\u011bt<\/li>\n<li><strong>m\u00f6gen<\/strong> \u2013 m\u00edt r\u00e1d<\/li>\n<li><strong> m\u00fcssen<\/strong> &#8211; muset<\/li>\n<li><strong> sollen<\/strong> \u2013 m\u00edt za povinnost<\/li>\n<li><strong> wollen<\/strong> &#8211; cht\u00edt<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Podobn\u011b jako mod\u00e1ln\u00ed slovesa se \u010dasuje tak\u00e9 sloveso <strong>wissen<\/strong> (v\u011bd\u011bt). To sice nen\u00ed mod\u00e1ln\u00edm slovesem (nevy\u017eaduje infinitiv plnov\u00fdznamov\u00e9ho slovesa), ale pr\u00e1v\u011b z d\u016fvodu tvo\u0159en\u00ed tvar\u016f jak v p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m, tak i v minul\u00fdch \u010dasech b\u00fdv\u00e1 uv\u00e1d\u011bno u t\u00e9to skupiny sloves.<\/p>\n<h4>Pou\u017eit\u00ed mod\u00e1ln\u00edch sloves:<\/h4>\n<p>Pokud chcete vyj\u00e1d\u0159it <strong>povinnost<\/strong>, ve smyslu nezbytnosti, pou\u017eijte <strong>m\u00fcssen<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em> Er muss es noch heute beenden. (Mus\u00ed to je\u0161t\u011b dnes dokon\u010dit.)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Av\u0161ak kdy\u017e jde o <strong>povinnost<\/strong> v\u011bt\u0161inou na\u0159\u00edzenou n\u011bk\u00fdm jin\u00fdm, pak nastupuje <strong>sollen<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Das Kind soll alle Hausaufgaben schreiben. (D\u00edt\u011b m\u00e1 \/za povinnost\/ napsat v\u0161echny \u00fakoly.)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>P\u0159i vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed <strong>povolen\u00ed nebo z\u00e1kazu<\/strong> zvolte <strong>d\u00fcrfen<\/strong>. Pozor d\u00fcrfen v mnoh\u00fdch situac\u00edch odpov\u00edd\u00e1 \u010desk\u00e9mu moci.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Darf ich das Fenster zumachen? (Sm\u00edm\/mohu zav\u0159\u00edt okno?)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>N\u011bm\u010dina v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pou\u017eije v\u017edy <strong>d\u00fcrfen<\/strong>, proto\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o povolen\u00ed. Naopak \u010de\u0161tina pou\u017eije \u201emohu\u201c ve smyslu mo\u017enosti.<br \/>\nStejn\u011b tomu bude i v z\u00e1porn\u00e9 variant\u011b.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Hier darf man nicht parken. (Tady se nesm\u00ed\/nem\u016f\u017ee parkovat.)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pokud se jedn\u00e1 o n\u011bjakou <strong>mo\u017enost nebo schopnost<\/strong>, pou\u017eije n\u011bm\u010dina <strong>k\u00f6nnen<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Ich kann heute ins Kino gehen oder zu Hause bleiben. (M\u016f\u017eu dnes j\u00edt do kina nebo z\u016fstat doma.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Sie kann sehr gut Englisch. (Um\u00ed velmi dob\u0159e anglicky.)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sloveso <strong>wollen<\/strong> vyj\u00e1d\u0159\u00ed va\u0161e <strong>p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u016fli<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Wir wollen Urlaub machen. (Chceme jet na dovolenou.)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Naopak <strong>m\u00f6gen<\/strong> je vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00edm <strong>libosti nebo nelibosti<\/strong> k n\u011b\u010demu.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em> Ich mag italienische K\u00fcche. (M\u00e1m r\u00e1d italskou kuchyni.) <\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Wir m\u00f6gen keine Actionfilme. (Nem\u00e1me r\u00e1di ak\u010dn\u00ed filmy.)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>POZOR!!<br \/>\nSloveso <strong>ich m\u00f6chte<\/strong>, jeho\u017e tvary ur\u010dit\u011b \u010dasto a r\u00e1di pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te, je podmi\u0148ovac\u00edm tvarem slovesa <strong>m\u00f6gen<\/strong>. A tuto podm\u00ednku v\u017edy vyjad\u0159uje.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Ich m\u00f6chte einen Kaffee bestellen. (R\u00e1d bych si objednal k\u00e1vu.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em> M\u00f6chte sie etwas zum Essen? (Cht\u011bla by n\u011bco k j\u00eddlu?)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ur\u010dit\u011b jste si v\u0161imli, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161inou <strong>jsou mod\u00e1ln\u00ed slovesa dopln\u011bna<\/strong> je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00edm <strong>plnov\u00fdznamov\u00fdm slovesem<\/strong>. Vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 to u\u017e z jejich samotn\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu. <strong>Plnov\u00fdznamov\u00e9 sloveso stoj\u00ed v\u017edy na konci v\u011bty a je ve tvaru infinitivu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tvary mod\u00e1ln\u00edch sloves se v p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase li\u0161\u00ed v jednotn\u00e9m a mno\u017en\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle<\/strong>. V mno\u017en\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle jsou pravideln\u00e9. Vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z infinitivu a dan\u00e9 koncovky.<br \/>\n<strong>V jednotn\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle je v\u017edy tvar 1. os a 3. os stejn\u00fd, bez koncovky<\/strong>. Nav\u00edc v jednotn\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle <strong>nikdy nen\u00ed p\u0159ehl\u00e1ska<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h4>\u010casov\u00e1n\u00ed mod\u00e1ln\u00edch sloves v p\u0159ehledu:<\/h4>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1270\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1270\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\"><\/th><th class=\"column-2\">d\u00fcrfen<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">k\u00f6nnen<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">m\u00f6gen<\/th><th class=\"column-5\">m\u00fcssen<\/th><th class=\"column-6\">sollen<\/th><th class=\"column-7\">wollen<\/th><th class=\"column-8\">wissen<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">ich<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">darf<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">kann<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">mag<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">muss<\/td><td class=\"column-6\">soll<\/td><td class=\"column-7\">will<\/td><td class=\"column-8\">wei\u00df<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">du<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">darfst<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">kannst<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">magst<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">musst<\/td><td class=\"column-6\">sollst<\/td><td class=\"column-7\">willst<\/td><td class=\"column-8\">wei\u00dft<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">er, sie, es<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">darf<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">kann<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">mag<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">muss<\/td><td class=\"column-6\">soll<\/td><td class=\"column-7\">will<\/td><td class=\"column-8\">wei\u00df<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">wir<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">d\u00fcrfen<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">k\u00f6nnen<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">m\u00f6gen<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">m\u00fcssen<\/td><td class=\"column-6\">sollen<\/td><td class=\"column-7\">wollen<\/td><td class=\"column-8\">wissen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">ihr<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">d\u00fcrft<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">k\u00f6nnt<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">m\u00f6gt<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">m\u00fcsst<\/td><td class=\"column-6\">sollt<\/td><td class=\"column-7\">wollt<\/td><td class=\"column-8\">wisst<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">sie, Sie<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">d\u00fcrfen<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">k\u00f6nnen<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">m\u00f6gen<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">m\u00fcssen<\/td><td class=\"column-6\">sollen<\/td><td class=\"column-7\">wollen<\/td><td class=\"column-8\">wissen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1270 from cache -->\n<p>Pokud se chcete dozv\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edce o ostatn\u00edch mod\u00e1ln\u00edch slovesech nebo jejich tvarech v minul\u00fdch \u010dasech, pod\u00edvejte se na gramatick\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky <a href=\"https:\/\/dev.sogoodlanguages.com\/cs\/zpusobova-slovesa-v-nemcine-a-sloveso-wissen\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mod\u00e1ln\u00ed slovesa<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/dev.sogoodlanguages.com\/cs\/nemcina\/preteritum\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pr\u00e9teritum<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/dev.sogoodlanguages.com\/cs\/nemcina\/perfektum\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Perfektum<\/a> .[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_id=&#8220;6&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3>6. \u010casov\u00e1n\u00ed sloves sein, haben, werden<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Slovesa sein a haben pat\u0159\u00ed<\/strong> v ka\u017ed\u00e9m jazyce <strong>k neju\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sloves\u016fm<\/strong>. Pokud v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b tato slovesa zvl\u00e1dnete, dok\u00e1\u017eete komunikovat alespo\u0148 na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u00farovni.<\/p>\n<p>Spolu se slovesem werden se \u0159ad\u00ed do skupiny sloves s nepravideln\u00fdm \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00edm. Jejich \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed se v\u0161ak odli\u0161uje od \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed plnov\u00fdznamov\u00fdch nepravideln\u00fdch sloves.<\/p>\n<p>Za\u010dn\u011bme se slovesem <strong>sein<\/strong>.<br \/>\nZ\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdznam tohoto slovesa je <strong>b\u00fdt<\/strong> (ve smyslu existovat). V tomto smyslu se tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 nejv\u00edce. Jak hned uvid\u00edte, jeho \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed je nepravideln\u00e9, a to ve v\u0161ech osob\u00e1ch.<br \/>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1271\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1271\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Sein<\/th><th class=\"column-2\"><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">ich bin <br \/>\n<i>j\u00e1 jsem<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">wir sind<br \/>\n<i>my jsme<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">du bist<br \/>\n<i>ty jsi<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">ihr seid<br \/>\n<i>vy jste<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">er, sie, es ist<br \/>\n<i>on, ona, ono je<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">sie sind <br \/>\n<i>oni jsou<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Sie sind<br \/>\n<i>Vy jste<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1271 from cache --><\/p>\n<div class=\"study-zvyrazneni\"><strong>POZOR: <\/strong> N\u011bm\u010dina pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro <strong>vyk\u00e1n\u00ed jednotlivci i skupin\u011b v\u017edy 3. os. \u010d. mn.<\/strong> (Sie), nikdy 2. os. \u010d. mn. (ihr) jako \u010de\u0161tina. Vysv\u011btl\u00edme v\u00e1m to na p\u0159\u00edkladu.<\/div>\n<p>Vyk\u00e1n\u00ed jednotlivci:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Sie sind sehr nett, Herr Nov\u00e1k. (Jste velmi laskav, pane Nov\u00e1ku.)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vyk\u00e1n\u00ed skupin\u011b:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em> Sie sind sehr nett, Frau und Herr Nov\u00e1k.(Jste velmi laskav\u00ed, pan\u00ed a pane Nov\u00e1kovi.)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tyk\u00e1n\u00ed skupin\u011b:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Ihr seid sehr brav, Kinder. (Jste velmi hodn\u00e9, d\u011bti.)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sloveso <strong>sein m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt<\/strong> v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b i <strong>sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed minul\u00fdch \u010das\u016f slo\u017een\u00fdch<\/strong> &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/dev.sogoodlanguages.com\/cs\/nemcina\/perfektum\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">perfekta<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/dev.sogoodlanguages.com\/cs\/nemcina\/minuly-cas-nemcina\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">plusquamperfekta<\/a>. V t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech hraje roli <strong>pomocn\u00e9ho slovesa<\/strong> a nenese vlastn\u00ed v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Ich bin gekommen. (P\u0159i\u0161el jsem.)<\/em> &#8211; Perfektum<\/li>\n<li><em>Er war abgefahren. (Odjel.)<\/em> &#8211; Plusquamperfektum<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Druh\u00fdm stejn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm slovesem je <strong>haben<\/strong>.<br \/>\nHaben znamen\u00e1 <strong>m\u00edt<\/strong> (ve smyslu n\u011bco vlastnit). Op\u011bt je jeho \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed nepravideln\u00e9.<br \/>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1272\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1272\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Haben<\/th><th class=\"column-2\"><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">ich have <br \/>\n<i>j\u00e1 m\u00e1m<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">wir haben<br \/>\n<i>my m\u00e1me<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">du hast<br \/>\n<i>ty m\u00e1\u0161<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">ihr habt<br \/>\n<i>vy m\u00e1te<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">er, sie, es hat<br \/>\n<i>on, ona, ono m\u00e1<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">sie haben <br \/>\n<i>oni maj\u00ed<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Sie haben<br \/>\n<i>Vy m\u00e1te<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1272 from cache --><\/p>\n<p>Sloveso <strong>haben b\u00fdv\u00e1<\/strong> v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b i <strong>sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed minul\u00fdch \u010das\u016f slo\u017een\u00fdch<\/strong> &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/dev.sogoodlanguages.com\/cs\/nemcina\/perfektum\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">perfekta<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/dev.sogoodlanguages.com\/cs\/nemcina\/minuly-cas-nemcina\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">plusquamperfekta<\/a>. V t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech hraje roli pomocn\u00e9ho slovesa a nenese vlastn\u00ed v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Ich habe ferngesehen. (D\u00edval jsem se na televizi.)<\/em> &#8211; Perfektum<\/li>\n<li><em>Er hatte damals dort gewohnt. (Tehdy tam bydlel.)<\/em> &#8211; Plusquamperfektum<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Posledn\u00ed z t\u00e9to trojice je sloveso <strong>werden<\/strong>. Werden ve smyslu plnov\u00fdznamov\u00e9ho slovesa znamen\u00e1 <strong>st\u00e1t se<\/strong> a <strong>ozna\u010duje n\u011bjak\u00fd stav \u010di jeho zm\u011bnu<\/strong>. \u010casuje se tak\u00e9 nepravideln\u011b.<br \/>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1273\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1273\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Werden<\/th><th class=\"column-2\"><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">ich werde <br \/>\n<i>j\u00e1 se stanu<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">wir werden<br \/>\n<i>my se staneme<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">du wirst<br \/>\n<i>ty se stane\u0161<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">ihr werdet<br \/>\n<i>vy stanete<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">er, sie, es wird<br \/>\n<i>on, ona, ono se stane<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">sie werden <br \/>\n<i>oni se stanou<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Sie werden<br \/>\n<i>Vy se stanete<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1273 from cache --><\/p>\n<p>Toto sloveso m\u00e1 v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b p\u0159i spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m pou\u017eit\u00ed velk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l. Pokud ho spoj\u00edte s p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem, m\u016f\u017eete si jednoduchou cestou v\u00fdrazn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it slovn\u00ed z\u00e1sobu. Jak na to, v\u00e1m uk\u00e1\u017eeme na p\u0159\u00edkladu: <i>Situace se zlep\u0161uje.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>1. pomoc\u00ed werden + p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no<br \/>\n<em>Die Situation wird besser.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>2. pomoc\u00ed slovesa<br \/>\n<em>Die Situation verbessert sich.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Sloveso <strong>werden<\/strong> tvo\u0159\u00ed v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b sou\u010d\u00e1st mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch gramatick\u00fdch tvar\u016f. Jako pomocn\u00e9 sloveso je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed <strong>budouc\u00edho \u010dasu, trpn\u00e9ho rodu a podmi\u0148ovac\u00edho zp\u016fsobu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>In der Zukunft werde ich nach Amerika fahren. (V budoucnu pojedu do Ameriky.)<\/em> &#8211; budouc\u00ed \u010das<\/li>\n<li><em>Die Briefe werden jeden Tag geschickt. (Dopisy se pos\u00edlaj\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd den.)<\/em> &#8211; trpn\u00fd rod<\/li>\n<li><em>Er w\u00fcrde es so machen. (Ud\u011blal by to tak.)<\/em> &#8211; podmi\u0148ovac\u00ed zp\u016fsob<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"study-zvyrazneni\"><strong>TIP: <\/strong> Nau\u010dte se tvary sein, haben a werden dob\u0159e nazpam\u011b\u0165 a brzy se stanou z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi stavebn\u00edmi kameny va\u0161\u00ed komunikace.<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_id=&#8220;7&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3>7. Rozkazovac\u00ed zp\u016fsob<\/h3>\n<p>Pokud chcete v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b vytvo\u0159it <strong>sloveso v rozkazovac\u00edm zp\u016fsobu<\/strong>, \u0159i\u010fte se n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edmi pravidly.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Rozkazovac\u00ed zp\u016fsob se v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b tvo\u0159\u00ed pouze od \u010dty\u0159 osobn\u00edch z\u00e1jmen:<\/strong> <u>du, wir, ihr, Sie<\/u>. Ostatn\u00ed osoby rozkazovac\u00ed zp\u016fsob nikdy netvo\u0159\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rozkazovac\u00ed zp\u016fsob<\/strong> lze v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b vytvo\u0159it od v\u0161ech <strong>plnov\u00fdznamov\u00fdch sloves<\/strong> (slovesa, kter\u00e1 nesou d\u011bj) <strong>+ okrajov\u011b i slovesa sein, haben, werden<\/strong> (ve funkci plnov\u00fdznamov\u00fdch sloves).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rozkazovac\u00ed zp\u016fsob se nikdy netvo\u0159\u00ed u mod\u00e1ln\u00edch sloves.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Rozkazovac\u00ed zp\u016fsob se u ka\u017ed\u00e9 osoby tvo\u0159\u00ed trochu jinak. N\u011bkde prost\u011b uberete a jinde p\u0159id\u00e1te. Uk\u00e1\u017eeme v\u00e1m to na srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s \u010dasem p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdm.<\/p>\n<p>Tvar <strong>2. os. \u010d. j.<\/strong> je nejslo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. <strong>Uberete osobn\u00ed z\u00e1jmeno du a \u0161krtnete koncovku -st<\/strong>. To, co v\u00e1m zbyde, je rozkazovac\u00ed zp\u016fsob.<br \/>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1274\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1274\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">rozkazovac\u00ed zp\u016fsob<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">du sagst<br \/>\n<i>ty \u0159\u00edk\u00e1\u0161<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">sag!<br \/>\n<i>\u0159\u00edkej!<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">du machst<br \/>\n<i>ty d\u011bl\u00e1\u0161<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">mach! <br \/>\n<i>d\u011blej!<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1274 from cache --><\/p>\n<p>Tvar <strong>2. os. \u010d. mn.<\/strong> se tvo\u0159\u00ed <strong>ubr\u00e1n\u00edm osobn\u00edho z\u00e1jmena, koncovka -t ji\u017e z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1275\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1275\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">rozkazovac\u00ed zp\u016fsob<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">ihr sagt<br \/>\n<i>vy \u0159\u00edk\u00e1te<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">sagt!<br \/>\n<i>\u0159\u00edkejte!<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">ihr macht<br \/>\n<i>vy d\u011bl\u00e1te<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">macht! <br \/>\n<i>d\u011blejte!<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1275 from cache --><\/p>\n<p>Tvar <strong>1. os. \u010d. mn.<\/strong> je jednoduch\u00fd. Prost\u011b <strong>p\u0159esunete osobn\u00ed z\u00e1jmeno wir za sloveso<\/strong>. Nic jin\u00e9ho se nem\u011bn\u00ed.<br \/>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1276\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1276\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">rozkazovac\u00ed zp\u016fsob<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">wir sagen<br \/>\n<i>my \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">sagen wir!<br \/>\n<i>\u0159\u00edkejme!<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">wir machen<br \/>\n<i>my d\u011bl\u00e1me<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">machen wir! <br \/>\n<i>d\u011blejme!<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1276 from cache --><\/p>\n<p>Tot\u00e9\u017e plat\u00ed i pro <strong>3. os. \u010d. mn.<\/strong> Op\u011bt jen <strong>p\u0159esunete osobn\u00ed z\u00e1jmeno Sie za sloveso<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1277\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1277\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">rozkazovac\u00ed zp\u016fsob<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Sie sagen<br \/>\n<i>Vy \u0159\u00edk\u00e1te<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">sagen Sie!<br \/>\n<i>\u0159ekn\u011bte!<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Sie machen<br \/>\n<i>Vy d\u011bl\u00e1te<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">machen Sie!<br \/>\n<i>ud\u011blejte!<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1277 from cache --><\/p>\n<p><strong>POZOR!! <\/strong><br \/>\nJestli\u017ee <strong>slovesn\u00fd kmen kon\u010d\u00ed na -t, -d, -m, -n,<\/strong> p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1te ve <strong>2. os. \u010d. j. a 2. os. \u010d. mn vkladn\u00e9 -e<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>antworte! (odpov\u011bz!) &#8211; antwortet! (odpov\u011bzte!)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>rede! (mluv!) &#8211; redet! (mluvte!)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>rechne! (po\u010d\u00edtej!) &#8211; rechnet! (po\u010d\u00edtejte!)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>atme! (d\u00fdchej!) &#8211; atmet! (d\u00fdchejte!)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>POZOR!!!<\/strong><br \/>\nU <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/dev.sogoodlanguages.com\/cs\/nemcina\/nepravidelna-slovesa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sloves nepravideln\u00fdch<\/a> se v rozkazovac\u00edm zp\u016fsobu 2. os. \u010d. j. zm\u011bna prom\u00edtne jen u kmene e\/ie, i. zm\u011bna a\/\u00e4 v rozkazovac\u00edm zp\u016fsobu nez\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1<\/strong>. Poj\u010fme si to uk\u00e1zat na p\u0159\u00edkladech.<br \/>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1278\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1278\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">rozkazovac\u00ed zp\u016fsob<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">du sprichst<br \/>\n<i>ty mluv\u00ed\u0161<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">sprich!<br \/>\n<i>mluv!<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">du liest <br \/>\n<i>ty \u010dte\u0161<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">lies!<br \/>\n<i>\u010dti!<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">du schl\u00e4fst <br \/>\n<i>ty sp\u00ed\u0161<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">schlaf! <br \/>\n<i>spi!<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">du l\u00e4ufst<br \/>\n<i>ty b\u011b\u017e\u00ed\u0161<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">lauf!<br \/>\n<i>b\u011b\u017e!<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1278 from cache -->[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_id=&#8220;8&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3>8. Pr\u00e9teritum<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Pr\u00e9teritum je jednoduch\u00fd minul\u00fd \u010das.<\/strong> Je jednou z variant, jak v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b vyj\u00e1d\u0159it minulost. P\u016fvodn\u011b se tento \u010das pou\u017e\u00edval pro vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed prost\u00e9ho minul\u00e9ho d\u011bje bez vztahu k sou\u010dasnosti v mluven\u00e9m projevu, nap\u0159. pokud vypr\u00e1v\u00edte z\u00e1\u017eitky z dovolen\u00e9.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Im Urlaub verbrachte ich eine Woche in Deutschland. (O dovolen\u00e9 jsem str\u00e1vil t\u00fdden v N\u011bmecku.) <\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V sou\u010dasnosti se v\u0161ak rozd\u00edl v <strong>pou\u017eit\u00ed pr\u00e9terita st\u00edr\u00e1<\/strong> a \u010dasto se i v t\u011bchto situac\u00edch pou\u017eije <strong>perfektum (slo\u017een\u00fd minul\u00fd \u010das)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Im Urlaub habe ich eine Woche in Deutschland verbracht. (O dovolen\u00e9 jsem str\u00e1vil t\u00fdden v N\u011bmecku.)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tvorba pr\u00e9teritn\u00edch tvar\u016f je <strong>rozd\u00edln\u00e1 u pravideln\u00fdch a nepravidlen\u00fdch sloves<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pravideln\u00e1 slovesa tvo\u0159\u00ed pr\u00e9teritum<\/strong> pomoc\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch koncovek, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ipoj\u00edte ke slovesn\u00e9mu kmeni.<br \/>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1279\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1279\">\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">ich sag+te<br \/>\n<i>\u0159ekl jsem<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">wir sag+ten<br \/>\n<i>\u0159ekli jsme<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">du sag+test<br \/>\n<i>\u0159ekl jsi<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">ihr sag+tet<br \/>\n<i>\u0159ekli jste<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">er, sie, es sag+te<br \/>\n<i>on, ona, ono \u0159ekl<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">sie sag+ten<br \/>\n<i>\u0159ekli<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Sie sag+ten<br \/>\n<i>\u0159ekl\/i jste<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1279 from cache --><\/p>\n<p><strong>POZOR!!!<\/strong><br \/>\nV\u0161imn\u011bte si, \u017ee <strong>1. os. \u010d. j. a 3. os. \u010d. j.<\/strong> maj\u00ed stejn\u00fd tvar, ob\u011b kon\u010d\u00ed koncovkou <strong>-te<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nepravideln\u00e1 slovesa<\/strong> v pr\u00e9teritu vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed <strong>samostatn\u00e9 tvary<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 se v dan\u00e9 osob\u011b je\u0161t\u011b \u010dasuj\u00ed.<br \/>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1280\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1280\">\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">ich fuhr<br \/>\n<i>jel jsem<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"> wir fuhren <br \/>\n<i>jeli jsme<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">du fuhrst <br \/>\n<i>jel jsi<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">ihr fuhrt<br \/>\n<i>jeli jste<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">er, sie, es fuhr<br \/>\n<i>on, ona, ono jeli<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">sie fuhren <br \/>\n<i>jeli<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Sie fuhren<br \/>\n<i>jel\/i jste<\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1280 from cache --><\/p>\n<p><strong>POZOR!!!<\/strong><br \/>\nI tady plat\u00ed, \u017ee <strong>1. os. \u010d. j. a 3. os. \u010d. j.<\/strong> je stejn\u00e1. Tentokr\u00e1t v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00fapln\u011b <strong>bez koncovky<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Jestli\u017ee se chcete dozv\u011bd\u011bt o pr\u00e9teritu v\u00edce informac\u00ed a sezn\u00e1mit se s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi v\u00fdjimkami, pod\u00edvejte se na n\u00e1\u0161 \u010dl\u00e1nek <a href=\"https:\/\/dev.sogoodlanguages.com\/cs\/nemcina\/preteritum\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pr\u00e9teritum<\/a> .[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_id=&#8220;9&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3>9. Perfektum<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Perfektum je slo\u017een\u00fd minul\u00fd \u010das<\/strong>. Je dal\u0161\u00ed variantou, jak vyj\u00e1d\u0159it minul\u00fd \u010das. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se k vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed d\u011bje v minulosti, jen\u017e m\u00e1 vztah k p\u0159\u00edtomnosti. Ozna\u010duje se jako \u201c\u010das dialogu\u201c. Vyjad\u0159uje b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 informace v hovoru a konstatuje fakta. Dnes v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee vyjad\u0159ovat i uzav\u0159enou minulost stejn\u011b jako pr\u00e9teritum.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Hast du es gestern geh\u00f6rt? (Sly\u0161el jsi to v\u010dera?) <\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Perfektum se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze dvou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st tvo\u0159\u00ed pomocn\u00e9 sloveso (haben\/sein)<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 je ve tvaru ur\u010dit\u00e9m (je vy\u010dasovan\u00e9) a stoj\u00ed ve v\u011bt\u011b na druh\u00e9 (oznamovac\u00ed v\u011bta, ot\u00e1zka dopl\u0148ovac\u00ed) nebo prvn\u00ed pozici (ot\u00e1zka zji\u0161\u0165ovac\u00ed). <strong>Na konci v\u011bty je plnov\u00fdznamov\u00e9 sloveso v p\u0159\u00ed\u010dest\u00ed minul\u00e9m.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Pomocn\u00e9 sloveso sein<\/strong> pou\u017eijete v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1<strong> o sloveso pohybov\u00e9 \u010di stavov\u00e9<\/strong>. V ostatn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech se u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v\u017edy pomocn\u00e9 sloveso haben.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Wir sind nach Berlin gefahren. (Jeli jsme do Berl\u00edna.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Was ist dir passiert? (Co se Ti stalo?)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Tvo\u0159en\u00ed perfekta je op\u011bt odli\u0161n\u00e9 u sloves pravideln\u00fdch a nepravideln\u00fdch.<br \/>\n<strong>Pravideln\u00e1 slovesa tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dest\u00ed minul\u00e9<\/strong> u plnov\u00fdznamov\u00e9ho slovesa pomoc\u00ed p\u0159edpony ge- a koncovky -t, kter\u00e1 se p\u0159ipoj\u00ed ke slovesn\u00e9mu kmeni. Uk\u00e1\u017eeme si na p\u0159\u00edkladu.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Ich habe es dir ge+sag+t. (\u0158ekl jsem ti to.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Sie sind viel ge+reis+t. (Hodn\u011b cestovali.)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Nepravideln\u00e1 slovesa<\/strong> tvo\u0159\u00ed perfektum plnov\u00fdznamov\u00fdch sloves pomoc\u00ed dan\u00fdch tvar\u016f. Tyto tvary za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed p\u0159edponou ge- a v\u011bt\u0161inou kon\u010d\u00ed koncovkou -en. \u010casto m\u011bn\u00ed i kmenovou samohl\u00e1sku, ale nen\u00ed to pravidlem.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Er hat den Brief gelesen. (\u010cetl dopis.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Wir sind nach Hause gekommen. (P\u0159ijeli jsme dom\u016f.)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pokud chcete z\u00edskat v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ehled o perfektu u pravideln\u00fdch a nepravideln\u00fdch sloves a v\u00fdjimk\u00e1ch v jeho tvo\u0159en\u00ed, pod\u00edvejte se na n\u00e1\u0161 gramatick\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek <a href=\"https:\/\/dev.sogoodlanguages.com\/cs\/nemcina\/perfektum\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Perfektum<\/a> . Najdete v n\u011bm i z\u00e1kladn\u00ed seznam tvar\u016f nepravideln\u00fdch sloves.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_id=&#8220;10&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3>10. Sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e1 slovesa<\/h3>\n<p>Jde o skupinu sloves, kter\u00e1 <strong>v pr\u00e9teritu i v perfektu nesou znaky jak pravideln\u00fdch tak i nepravideln\u00fdch sloves<\/strong>. Co to znamen\u00e1?<\/p>\n<p><strong>V pr\u00e9teritu<\/strong> se m\u011bn\u00ed kmenov\u00e1 samohl\u00e1ska v\u017edy na <strong>-a-<\/strong>. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ip\u00edn\u00e1 koncovka <strong>-te<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V perfektu<\/strong> tato slovesa za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed p\u0159edponou <strong>ge-<\/strong>. V kmeni se op\u011bt m\u011bn\u00ed kmenov\u00e1 samohl\u00e1ska na <strong>-a-<\/strong>. Kon\u010d\u00ed v\u017edy koncovkou <strong>-t<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Do t\u00e9to skupiny se \u0159ad\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed slovesa:<br \/>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1281\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1281\">\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">senden<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>poslat<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er sandte\/sendete<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">er hat gesandt\/gesendet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">wenden<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>obr\u00e1tit se<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er wandte\/wendete<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">er hat gewandt\/gewendet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">brennen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>ho\u0159et<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er brannte<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">er hat gebracht<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">rennen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>b\u011bhat<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er rannte<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">er ist gerannt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">nennen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>jmenovat<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er nannte<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">er hat genannt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">kennen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>zn\u00e1t<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er kannte<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">er hat gekannt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">bringen<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>p\u0159in\u00e9st<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er brachte<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">er hat gebracht<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">denken<\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><i>myslet<\/i><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">er dachte<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">er hat gedacht<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1281 from cache -->[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Na z\u00e1v\u011br si je\u0161t\u011b vyzkou\u0161ejte kr\u00e1tk\u00fd <a href=\"https:\/\/student.onlinejazyky.cz\/lesson\/public-detail\/id\/185950\/hash\/7f50c4eb62df6804a4f49c451bddbfd1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">test\u00edk<\/a>.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] Tentokr\u00e1t jsme si pro v\u00e1s p\u0159ipravili d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 shrnut\u00ed \u201cjak \u010dasovat slovesa\u201d. Pod\u00edv\u00e1me se jak na slovesa pravideln\u00e1, tak nepravideln\u00e1, sezn\u00e1m\u00edte se tak\u00e9 s mod\u00e1ln\u00edmi slovesy a jejich r\u016fzn\u00fdmi v\u00fdznamy, dozv\u00edte se n\u011bco o slovesech sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fdch. Posv\u00edt\u00edme si na \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed sloves v \u010dase p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m i minul\u00e9m, v\u010detn\u011b slovesa haben a sein, nevynech\u00e1me ani tvo\u0159en\u00ed rozkazovac\u00edho [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1525,"featured_media":107502,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[321],"tags":[989],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.10 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u010casov\u00e1n\u00ed sloves (Konjugation der Verben) - SoGood Languages<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tr\u00e1p\u00ed v\u00e1s \u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed sloves v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b? Nev\u00edte, jak na nepravideln\u00e1, mod\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010di pomocn\u00e1 slovesa? 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