{"id":80224,"date":"2016-10-06T12:14:03","date_gmt":"2016-10-06T10:14:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dev.sogoodlanguages.com\/french\/cs\/?p=68519"},"modified":"2017-11-10T11:48:10","modified_gmt":"2017-11-10T10:48:10","slug":"minuly-cas-slozeny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.sogoodlanguages.com\/cs\/minuly-cas-slozeny\/","title":{"rendered":"Minul\u00fd \u010das slo\u017een\u00fd"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Ve francouz\u0161tin\u011b vyjad\u0159ujeme minul\u00fd \u010das dv\u011bma z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi zp\u016fsoby \u2013 minul\u00fdm \u010dasem slo\u017een\u00fdm (le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9) a imperfektem (l\u2019imparfait). Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek bude zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na minul\u00fd \u010das slo\u017een\u00fd<\/strong>.<\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Nejprve si uk\u00e1\u017eeme, jak vypadaj\u00ed slovesn\u00e9 tvary. P\u0159i jejich tvo\u0159en\u00ed je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pamatovat si, \u017ee se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed v\u017edy ze dvou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u2013 vy\u010dasovan\u00e9ho pomocn\u00e9ho slovesa \u00eatre (b\u00fdt) nebo avoir (m\u00edt) a minul\u00e9ho tvaru slovesa<\/strong>. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je nutn\u00e9 ujasnit si, kter\u00e1 slovesa se poj\u00ed s \u00eatre a kter\u00e1 s avoir. Ve druh\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti \u010dl\u00e1nku si uk\u00e1\u017eeme, v jak\u00fdch situac\u00edch pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me pro vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed minulosti pr\u00e1v\u011b tento \u010das.<\/p>\n

Tvo\u0159en\u00ed slovesn\u00e9ho tvaru<\/h3>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd slovesn\u00fd tvar v minul\u00e9m \u010dase prost\u00e9m mus\u00ed obsahovat minul\u00fd tvar slovesa<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • minul\u00e9 tvary sloves I. t\u0159\u00eddy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Shodn\u00e9 pravidlo pro v\u0161echna slovesa: Od infinitivn\u00edho tvaru slovesa odtrhneme koncovku -er a nahrad\u00edme ji -\u00e9.<\/strong> Pod\u00edvejte se na p\u0159\u00edklady.<\/p>\n

    travailler<\/strong> (pracovat)<\/em> \u2013 travaill\u00e9<\/strong>
    \nmanger<\/strong> (j\u00edst)<\/em> \u2013 mang\u00e9<\/strong>
    \nchanter<\/strong> (zp\u00edvat)<\/em> \u2013 chant\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    • minul\u00e9 tvary sloves II. a III. t\u0159\u00eddy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Zde se ji\u017e tvo\u0159en\u00ed ne\u0159\u00edd\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdmi pravidly, je tedy nutn\u00e9 se minul\u00e9 tvary nau\u010dit. Tvary b\u00fdvaj\u00ed k dispozici v ka\u017ed\u00e9m v\u00fdkladov\u00e9m slovn\u00edku, my si zde uk\u00e1\u017eeme minul\u00e9 tvary od \u010dasto u\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch sloves.<\/p>\n

      \u00eatre (b\u00fdt)<\/em> \u2013 \u00e9t\u00e9<\/strong>
      \navoir (m\u00edt)<\/em> \u2013 eu<\/strong>
      \nfaire (d\u011blat)<\/em> \u2013 fait<\/strong>
      \nfinir (skon\u010dit)<\/em> \u2013 fini<\/strong>
      \ndormir (sp\u00e1t)<\/em> \u2013 dormi<\/strong>
      \nprendre (vz\u00edt)<\/em> \u2013 pris<\/strong>
      \nvoir (vid\u011bt)<\/em> \u2013 vu<\/strong>
      \nvouloir (cht\u00edt)<\/em> \u2013 voulu<\/strong>
      \npouvoir (moci)<\/em> \u2013 pu<\/strong>
      \ndevoir (muset)<\/em> \u2013 d\u00fb<\/strong>
      \nouvrir (otev\u0159\u00edt)<\/em> \u2013 ouvert<\/strong>
      \nrecevoir (obdr\u017eet)<\/em> \u2013 re\u00e7u<\/strong>
      \nsavoir (um\u011bt)<\/em> \u2013 su<\/strong>
      \nvenir (p\u0159ij\u00edt)<\/em> \u2013 venu<\/strong>
      \nna\u00eetre (narodit se) <\/em>\u2013 n\u00e9<\/strong>
      \nmourir (zem\u0159\u00edt) <\/em>\u2013 mort<\/strong>
      \nconna\u00eetre (zn\u00e1t)<\/em> \u2013 connu<\/strong>
      \nlire (\u010d\u00edst)<\/em> \u2013 lu<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Mezi podm\u011btem a slovesem v minul\u00e9m tvaru se nach\u00e1z\u00ed vy\u010dasovan\u00e9 pomocn\u00e9 sloveso avoir<\/strong> nebo \u00eatre<\/strong>: j\u2019ai, tu as, il \/ elle \/ on a, nous avons, vous avez, ils \/ elles ont nebo je suis, tu es, il \/ elle \/ on est, nous sommes, vous \u00eates, ils \/ elles ont.<\/p>\n

      Slovesa poj\u00edc\u00ed se s pomocn\u00fdm slovesem \u00caTRE<\/h3>\n

      \u2022 slovesa spojen\u00e1 s pohybem
      \n\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
      Sloveso<\/th>P\u0159eklad<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      aller<\/b><\/td>j\u00edt<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      arriver <\/b><\/td>p\u0159ijet<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      venir<\/b><\/td>p\u0159ij\u00edt<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      sortir<\/b><\/td>proch\u00e1zet se<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      partir<\/b><\/td>odej\u00edt<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      retourner<\/b><\/td>vr\u00e1tit se<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      monter <\/b><\/td>vystoupat<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      descendre<\/b><\/td>sej\u00edt<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      rester<\/b><\/td>z\u016fstat<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      entrer<\/b><\/td>vstoupit<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      passer <\/b><\/td>proj\u00edt<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      tomber<\/b><\/td>spadnout<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
      \n\u2022 slovesa ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed za\u010d\u00e1tek a konec \u017eivota
      \n\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t
      Sloveso<\/th>P\u0159eklad<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      na\u00eetre<\/b><\/td>narodit se<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      mourir<\/b><\/td>zem\u0159\u00edt<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
      \n\u2022 v\u0161echna zvratn\u00e1 slovesa
      \n\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t
      Sloveso<\/th>P\u0159eklad<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      s\u2019appeller<\/b><\/td>jmenovat se<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      se r\u00e9veiller <\/b><\/td>probouzet se<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      se promener <\/b><\/td>proch\u00e1zet se<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/p>\n

      Minul\u00e9 tvary sloves poj\u00edc\u00edch se s \u00eatre z\u00e1vis\u00ed na rod\u011b a \u010d\u00edsle podm\u011btu:
      \n\u2022 rod mu\u017esk\u00fd, \u010d\u00edslo jednotn\u00e9: z\u00e1kladn\u00ed minul\u00fd tvar<\/strong>,
      \n\u2022 rod \u017eensk\u00fd, \u010d\u00edslo jednotn\u00e9: k z\u00e1kladn\u00edmu tvaru p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1me -e<\/strong>,
      \n\u2022 rod mu\u017esk\u00fd, \u010d\u00edslo mno\u017en\u00e9: k z\u00e1kladn\u00edmu tvaru p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1me -s<\/strong>,
      \n\u2022 rod \u017eensk\u00fd, \u010d\u00edslo jednotn\u00e9: k z\u00e1kladn\u00edmu tvaru p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1me \u2013es<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

      P\u0159\u00edklady v\u011bt venir<\/strong> (p\u0159ij\u00edt):<\/p>\n

      je suis venu \u2013 j\u00e1 p\u0159i\u0161el \/ je suis venue \u2013 j\u00e1 p\u0159i\u0161la
      \ntu es venu \u2013 ty jsi p\u0159i\u0161el \/ tu es venue \u2013 ty jsi p\u0159i\u0161la
      \nil est venu \u2013 on p\u0159i\u0161el \/ elle est venue \u2013 ona p\u0159i\u0161la \/ on est venu \u2013 p\u0159i\u0161lo se
      \nnous sommes venus \u2013 my jsme p\u0159i\u0161li (mu\u017esk\u00fd rod) \/ nous sommes venues \u2013 my jste p\u0159i\u0161ly (\u017eensk\u00fd rod)
      \nvous \u00eates venus \u2013 vy jste p\u0159i\u0161li (mu\u017esk\u00fd rod) \/ vous \u00eates venues \u2013 vy jste p\u0159i\u0161ly (\u017eensk\u00fd rod)
      \nils sont venus \u2013 oni p\u0159i\u0161li \/ elles sont venus \u2013 ony p\u0159i\u0161ly<\/b><\/div>\n

      P\u0159\u00edklady v\u011bt se lever<\/strong> (vst\u00e1vat):<\/p>\n

      je me suis lev\u00e9 \u2013 j\u00e1 vstal \/ je me suis lev\u00e9e \u2013 j\u00e1 vstala
      \ntu t\u2019es lev\u00e9 \u2013 ty jsi vstal \/ tu t\u2019est lev\u00e9e \u2013 ty jsi vstala
      \nil s\u2019est lev\u00e9 \u2013 on vstal \/ elle s\u2019est lev\u00e9e \u2013 ona vstala \/ on s\u2019est lev\u00e9 \u2013 vst\u00e1valo se
      \nnous nous sommes lev\u00e9s \u2013 my jsme vstali (mu\u017esk\u00fd rod) \/ nous nous sommes lev\u00e9es \u2013 my jsme vstaly (\u017eensk\u00fd rod)
      \nvous vous \u00eates lev\u00e9s \u2013 vy jste vstali (mu\u017esk\u00fd rod) \/ vous vous \u00eates lev\u00e9es \u2013 vy jste vstaly (\u017eensk\u00fd rod)
      \nils se sont lev\u00e9s \u2013 oni vstali \/ elles se sont lev\u00e9s \u2013 ony vstaly
      \n<\/b><\/div>\n

      Slovesa poj\u00edc\u00ed se s pomocn\u00fdm slovesem AVOIR<\/h3>\n

      Jedn\u00e1 se o v\u0161echna zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed slovesa. Minul\u00e9 tvary maj\u00ed v\u017edy stejn\u00fd tvar ve v\u0161ech osob\u00e1ch.
      \n\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
      dormir<\/th>sp\u00e1t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      j\u2019ai dormi <\/b><\/td>j\u00e1 spal \/ j\u00e1 spala<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      tu as dormi <\/b><\/td>ty jsi spal \/ ty jsi spala<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      il a dormi \/ elle a dormi \/ dormi <\/b><\/td>on spal \/ ona spala \/ spalo se<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      nous avons dormi <\/b><\/td>my jsme spali (mu\u017esk\u00fd rod) \/ my jsme spaly (\u017eensk\u00fd rod)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      vous avez dormi <\/b><\/td>vy jste spali (mu\u017esk\u00fd rod) \/ vy jste spaly (\u017eensk\u00fd rod)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      ils ont dormi \/ elles ont dormi<\/b><\/td>oni spali \/ ony spaly<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
      \n\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
      \u00eatre<\/th>b\u00fdt (jako v\u00fdznamov\u00e9 sloveso)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      j\u2019ai \u00e9t\u00e9<\/b><\/td>j\u00e1 byl \/ j\u00e1 byla<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      tu as \u00e9t\u00e9 <\/b><\/td>ty jsi byl \/ ty jsi byla<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      il a \u00e9t\u00e9 \/ elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 \/ on a \u00e9t\u00e9<\/b><\/td>on byl \/ ona byla \/ bylo<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      nous avons \u00e9t\u00e9 <\/b><\/td>my jsme byli (mu\u017esk\u00fd rod) \/ my jsme byly (\u017eensk\u00fd rod)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      vous avez \u00e9t\u00e9 <\/b><\/td>vy jste byli (mu\u017esk\u00fd rod) \/ vy jste byly (\u017eensk\u00fd rod)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9, elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9<\/b><\/td>oni byli \/ ony byly<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
      \n\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
      avoir<\/th>m\u00edt (jako v\u00fdznamov\u00e9 sloveso)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      j\u2019ai eu <\/b><\/td>j\u00e1 m\u011bl \/ j\u00e1 m\u011bl<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      tu as eu <\/b><\/td>ty jsi m\u011bl \/ ty jsi m\u011bla<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      il a eu \/ elle a eu \/ on a \u00e9t\u00e9<\/b><\/td>on m\u011bl \/ ona m\u011bla \/ m\u011blo se<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      nous avons eu<\/b><\/td>my jsme m\u011bli (mu\u017esk\u00fd rod) \/ my jste m\u011bly (\u017eensk\u00fd rod)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      vous avez eu<\/b><\/td>vy jste m\u011bli (mu\u017esk\u00fd rod) \/ vy jste m\u011bly (\u017eensk\u00fd rod)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      ils ont eu \/elles ont eu
      \n<\/b><\/td>      		oni m\u011bli \/ ony m\u011bly<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/p>\n

      Pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/h3>\n

      \u2022 ud\u00e1losti dokon\u010den\u00e9 v minulosti
      \nHier, j\u2019ai mang\u00e9 trois pommes.<\/strong> \u2013 V\u010dera jsem sn\u011bdla t\u0159i jablka.
      \nHeureusement, j\u2019ai pass\u00e9 tous mes examens.<\/strong> \u2013 Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed jsem slo\u017eila v\u0161echny sv\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky.<\/p>\n

      \u2022 jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti
      \nJe suis n\u00e9e \u00e0 Prague.<\/strong> \u2013 Narodila jsem se v Praze.
      \nVictor Hugo est mort le 22 mai 1885 \u00e0 Paris.<\/strong> \u2013 Victor Hugo zem\u0159el 22. Kv\u011btna 1885 v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei.<\/p>\n

      \u2022 opakovan\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti
      \nJ\u2019ai visit\u00e9 Londres sept fois.<\/strong> \u2013 Sedmkr\u00e1t jsem nav\u0161t\u00edvil Lond\u00fdna.
      \nNous nous sommes present\u00e9s deux fois.<\/strong> \u2013 Dvakr\u00e1t jsme se p\u0159edstavili.<\/p>\n

      \u2022 v\u00fd\u010det po sob\u011b jdouc\u00edch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed
      \nSimon a fait la cuisine, il a regard\u00e9 la t\u00e9l\u00e9 est puis il a dormi.<\/strong> \u2013 Simon uva\u0159il, pod\u00edval se na televizi a pot\u00e9 spal.
      \nIls ont commenc\u00e9 le match et finalement ils ont gagn\u00e9.<\/strong> \u2013 Oni za\u010dali z\u00e1pas a nakonec vyhr\u00e1li.
      \n
      \nM\u00e1te zku\u0161enosti s minul\u00fdm \u010dasem slo\u017een\u00fdm ve francouz\u0161tin\u011b? Napi\u0161te n\u00e1m Va\u0161e zku\u0161enosti a tak\u00e9 to, zda V\u00e1m \u010dl\u00e1nek pomohl si tuto \u010d\u00e1st gramatiky ujasnit.<\/strong>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      [vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] Ve francouz\u0161tin\u011b vyjad\u0159ujeme minul\u00fd \u010das dv\u011bma z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi zp\u016fsoby \u2013 minul\u00fdm \u010dasem slo\u017een\u00fdm (le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9) a imperfektem (l\u2019imparfait). Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek bude zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na minul\u00fd \u010das slo\u017een\u00fd. [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Nejprve si uk\u00e1\u017eeme, jak vypadaj\u00ed slovesn\u00e9 tvary. P\u0159i jejich tvo\u0159en\u00ed je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pamatovat si, \u017ee se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed v\u017edy ze dvou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u2013 vy\u010dasovan\u00e9ho pomocn\u00e9ho slovesa \u00eatre (b\u00fdt) nebo […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1042,"featured_media":80110,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[341],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nMinul\u00fd \u010das slo\u017een\u00fd - SoGood Languages<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dnes se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na minul\u00fd \u010das slo\u017een\u00fd (le pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9), kter\u00fd je jeden ze dvou z\u00e1kladn\u00edch zp\u016fsob\u016f vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed minulosti. 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