{"id":83174,"date":"2018-06-04T08:27:34","date_gmt":"2018-06-04T06:27:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.sogoodlanguages.com\/?p=83174"},"modified":"2019-01-22T11:01:18","modified_gmt":"2019-01-22T10:01:18","slug":"falesni-pratele","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.sogoodlanguages.com\/cs\/falesni-pratele\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak v\u00e1m to mohou \u201afale\u0161n\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9\u2018 p\u011bkn\u011b zava\u0159it"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

False Friends (neboli \u201aFale\u0161n\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9\u2018) jsou slova nebo slovn\u00ed spojen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 v r\u016fzn\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch zn\u00ed nebo vypadaj\u00ed stejn\u011b, ale maj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00e9 v\u00fdznamy. Mnoha student\u016fm tak mohou nejen zt\u00ed\u017eit u\u010den\u00ed jazyka, ale t\u00e9\u017e je dostat do trapn\u00fdch situac\u00ed p\u0159i konverzaci s rodil\u00fdm mluv\u010d\u00edm. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed slova a jejich rozd\u00edly v r\u016fzn\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch.<\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. Kdy\u017e je p\u0159\u00edtel fale\u0161n\u00fd<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. \u010ce\u0161tina x Angli\u010dtina<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. \u010ce\u0161tina x Ostatn\u00ed jazyky<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. Britsk\u00e1 x Americk\u00e1 angli\u010dtina<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. False friends mezi ostatn\u00edmi jazyky<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text el_id=“1″]<\/p>\n

    1<\/span> Kdy\u017e je p\u0159\u00edtel fale\u0161n\u00fd<\/h3>\n

    Pojem \u201efale\u0161n\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9\u201c se poprv\u00e9 objevil v knize francouzsk\u00fdch lingvist\u016f Maxima K\u0153sslera a Julese Derocquigna v roce 1928. Jedn\u00e1 se o zkr\u00e1cen\u00fd v\u00fdraz n\u00e1zvu \u201cfaux amis du traducteur\u201d tedy \u201cfale\u0161n\u00fd kamar\u00e1d p\u0159ekladatele.\u201d Jak u\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno, jedn\u00e1 se o slova, kter\u00e1 ve dvou \u010di v\u00edce jazyc\u00edch vypadaj\u00ed \u010di zn\u011bj\u00ed stejn\u011b (tzv. homonyma), ale maj\u00ed jin\u00e9 v\u00fdznamy. Tyto v\u00fdznamy se mohou zcela li\u0161it, \u010di m\u00edt pouze jin\u00e9 konotace. St\u00e1v\u00e1 se tak z mnoha d\u016fvod\u016f \u2013 nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm z nich je v\u0161ak ten, \u017ee bylo v minulosti slovo p\u0159evzato z jin\u00e9ho jazyka, ale jeho v\u00fdznam byl postupem \u010dasu zm\u011bn\u011bn. N\u011bkdy je v\u0161ak podoba slov \u010dist\u011b n\u00e1hodn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

    Probl\u00e9my d\u011blaj\u00ed student\u016fm p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm proto, \u017ee si ani sami neuv\u011bdom\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fd jin\u00fd v\u00fdznam dan\u00e9ho slov\u00ed\u010dka. V konverzaci se tak m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t, \u017ee se mluv\u010d\u00ed nepochop\u00ed. Velmi \u010dast\u00fdm fale\u0161n\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edtelem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt t\u0159eba slov\u00ed\u010dko gymn\u00e1zium<\/b>.<\/p>\n

    \u0158ekn\u011bme, \u017ee se n\u00e1s rodil\u00fd mluv\u010d\u00ed zept\u00e1:
    \n\u201eWhat do you study?<\/b>\u201c (Co studuje\u0161?)
    \na vy odpov\u00edte:
    \n\u201eI go to the gymnasium.<\/b>\u201c
    \nTato v\u011bta ale neznamen\u00e1: \u201eChod\u00edm na gymn\u00e1zium<\/s>\u201c, ale \u201eChod\u00edm do t\u011blocvi\u010dny.\u201c Rodil\u00fd mluv\u010d\u00ed by tak pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b va\u0161\u00ed odpov\u011bdi p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nerozum\u011bl.<\/p>\n

    S n\u011b\u010d\u00edm podobn\u00fdm se m\u016f\u017eeme setkat nap\u0159. i u slov\u00ed\u010dka \u201ebili\u00f3n\u201c:
    \nZat\u00edmco v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b m\u00e1 bili\u00f3n <\/b>hodnotu 1,000,000,000,000
    \nV angli\u010dtin\u011b je \u201ebillion<\/b>\u201c 1,000,000,000
    \n (v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b by se tedy jednalo o \u00fapln\u011b jinou \u010d\u00edslovku – o miliardu<\/b>). <\/em><\/p>\n

    Asi se te\u010f sami sebe pt\u00e1te \u2013 Co s t\u00edm? Bohu\u017eel, neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 kouzeln\u00e1 cesta, jak se nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9mu pou\u017eit\u00ed t\u011bchto slov\u00ed\u010dek vyhnout. To jedin\u00e9, co m\u016f\u017eete ud\u011blat, je nespol\u00e9hat na to, \u017ee podobn\u011b zn\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed \u010di vypadaj\u00edc\u00ed slovo znamen\u00e1 to sam\u00e9 v ciz\u00edm i v na\u0161em rodn\u00e9m jazyce.<\/p>\n

    V tom v\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee pomoci pr\u00e1v\u011b tento \u010dl\u00e1nek, jeliko\u017e si o mnoha z problematick\u00fdch slov\u00ed\u010dek \u0159ekneme. Zam\u011b\u0159te se na ta slov\u00ed\u010dka, kter\u00e1 se v\u00e1m pletou nejv\u00edce, a zapamatujte si jejich spr\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdznam.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

    N\u00e1\u0161 tip:\u00a0<\/strong>Pro efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zapamatov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdznamu pou\u017e\u00edvejte m\u00edsto p\u0159eklad\u016f slov\u00ed\u010dek v\u011bty<\/b>.
    \nAnglick\u00e9 slov\u00ed\u010dko \u201egum\u201c nen\u00ed v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b \u201eguma\u201c, ale \u201e\u017ev\u00fdka\u010dka\u201c.
    \nM\u00edsto zapamatov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ekladu, si tedy vytvo\u0159te a zapamatujte celou v\u011btu, nap\u0159.:
    \n\u201eI am chewing gum<\/b>.\u201c
    \nT\u00edm v\u00e1m dojde, \u017ee pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b \u201e\u017dv\u00fdk\u00e1te \u017ev\u00fdka\u010dku<\/b>.\u201c a ne \u017ee \u201e\u017dv\u00fdk\u00e1te gumu<\/s><\/b>.\u201c
    \n<\/em><\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=“td_smart_list_2″][vc_column][vc_column_text el_id=“2″]<\/p>\n

    \u010ce\u0161tina x Angli\u010dtina<\/h3>\n

    Nejprve projdeme slov\u00ed\u010dka, kter\u00e1 d\u011blaj\u00ed probl\u00e9m p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u010desk\u00fdm student\u016fm. Mohli by ale t\u00e9\u017e lehce nap\u00e1lit i anglick\u00e9ho mluv\u010d\u00edho, kter\u00fd by se cht\u011bl nau\u010dit \u010desky.
    \nV\u011bt\u0161inu z nich najdete v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed tabulce:<\/p>\n

    \n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
    Anglick\u00e9 slov\u00ed\u010dko<\/em><\/th>\u010cesk\u00fd v\u00fdznam<\/em><\/th>\u010cesk\u00e9 slov\u00ed\u010dko<\/em><\/th>Anglick\u00fd v\u00fdznam<\/em><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    absolve <\/b><\/td>osvobodit, zprostit<\/td>absolvovat <\/b><\/td>to undertake, to graduate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    abstinent <\/b><\/td>st\u0159\u00eddm\u00fd, zdr\u017eenliv\u00fd
    \n<\/td>    		abstinent <\/b><\/td>teetotaller<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    accord <\/b><\/td>dohoda, shoda, souhlas<\/td>akord <\/b><\/td>chord<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    actual<\/b><\/td>skute\u010dn\u00fd, sou\u010dasn\u00fd<\/td>aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/b><\/td>relevant, topical
    \n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    adept<\/b><\/td>obratn\u00fd, zb\u011bhl\u00fd, zku\u0161en\u00fd <\/td>adept<\/b><\/td>novice, applicant <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    affect<\/b><\/td>ovlivnit, p\u016fsobit<\/td>afekt <\/b><\/td>affection<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    angina <\/b><\/td>ang\u00edna pectoris
    \n<\/td>    		ang\u00edna <\/b><\/td>tonsillitis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    antics<\/b><\/td>skopi\u010diny, \u0161a\u0161k\u00e1rny<\/td>antika<\/b><\/td>antiquity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    antiquarian<\/b><\/td>staro\u017eitn\u00edk<\/td>antikvari\u00e1t<\/b><\/td>antiquarian\/second hand bookshop
    \n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    apartment <\/b><\/td>byt<\/td>apartm\u00e1 <\/b><\/td>suite<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    arch<\/b><\/td>klenba, oblouk
    \n<\/td>    		arch<\/b><\/td>sheet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    areal<\/b><\/td>prostorov\u00fd, plo\u0161n\u00fd <\/td>are\u00e1l<\/b><\/td>territory<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    asparagus<\/b><\/td>ch\u0159est<\/td>aspar\u00e1gus<\/b><\/td>asparagus fern
    \n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    barracks<\/b><\/td>kas\u00e1rny<\/td>bar\u00e1k<\/b><\/td>shack <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    basin<\/b><\/td>povod\u00ed<\/td>baz\u00e9n<\/b><\/td>swimming pool<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    billion <\/b><\/td>miliarda <\/td>bili\u00f3n <\/b><\/td>trillion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    blanket <\/b><\/td>deka<\/td>blanket <\/b><\/td>form <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    brigade <\/b><\/td>odd\u00edl, \u010deta <\/td>brig\u00e1da<\/b><\/td>temporary job, part-time job<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    caf\u00e9<\/b><\/td>kav\u00e1rna<\/td>kafe <\/b><\/td>coffee<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    chef <\/b><\/td>\u0161\u00e9fkucha\u0159<\/td>\u0161\u00e9f <\/b><\/td>boss<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    cistern<\/b><\/td>vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e, rezervo\u00e1r <\/td>cisterna<\/b><\/td>tank<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    closet <\/b><\/td>komora, sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148 <\/td>klozet <\/b><\/td>toilet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    concrete <\/b><\/td>betonov\u00fd<\/td>konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed<\/b><\/td>particular, factual<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    concurrence<\/b><\/td>shoda, soub\u011bh<\/td>konkurence<\/b><\/td>competition<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    confectionery <\/b><\/td>cukr\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, cukrovinky<\/td>konfekce <\/b><\/td>clothes shop, ready-to-wear clothes
    \n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    consultant<\/b><\/td>prim\u00e1\u0159, l\u00e9ka\u0159 specialista <\/td>konzultant <\/b><\/td>adviser, tutor
    \n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    control<\/b><\/td>ovl\u00e1dat <\/td>kontrolovat <\/b><\/td>supervise<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    creature<\/b><\/td>stvo\u0159en\u00ed, bytost<\/td>kreatura<\/b><\/td>monster<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    criminal<\/b><\/td>zlo\u010dinec <\/td>krimin\u00e1l<\/b><\/td>jail<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    curious<\/b><\/td>podivn\u00fd, zv\u011bdav\u00fd<\/td>kuri\u00f3zn\u00ed<\/b><\/td>quaint<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    cursive (writing)<\/b><\/td>psac\u00ed p\u00edsmo (spojovan\u00e9) <\/td>kurz\u00edva<\/b><\/td>italics
    \n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    deacon<\/b><\/td>j\u00e1hen <\/td>d\u011bkan<\/b><\/td>dean<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    decade<\/b><\/td>deset let, desetilt\u00ed
    \n<\/td>    		dek\u00e1da<\/b><\/td>ten days, ten-day period<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    desk<\/b><\/td>psac\u00ed st\u016fl<\/td>deska<\/b><\/td>board<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    dome<\/b><\/td>kopule<\/td>d\u00f3m<\/b><\/td>cathedral<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    dose<\/b><\/td>d\u00e1vka<\/td>d\u00f3za<\/b><\/td>jar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    dress<\/b><\/td>\u0161aty <\/td>dres<\/b><\/td>jersey<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    eventual<\/b><\/td>v\u00fdsledn\u00fd, kone\u010dn\u00fd <\/td>eventu\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/b><\/td>possible, potential
    \n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    execution<\/b><\/td>proveden\u00ed, realizace, poprava
    \n<\/td>    		exekuce<\/b><\/td>seizure
    \n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    fantasy<\/b><\/td>p\u0159edstava, p\u0159elud
    \n<\/td>    		fantazie<\/b><\/td>imagination <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    front<\/b><\/td>p\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st
    \n<\/td>    		fronta<\/b><\/td>queue<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    gallantry<\/b><\/td>galantnost<\/td>galanterie<\/b><\/td>haberdashery<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    gum<\/b><\/td>\u017ev\u00fdka\u010dka, d\u00e1se\u0148<\/td>guma<\/b><\/td>rubber
    \n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    gymnasium<\/b><\/td>t\u011blocvi\u010dna<\/td>gymn\u00e1zium<\/b><\/td>high school, secondary school<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    hazard<\/b><\/td>nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, riziko
    \n<\/td>    		hazard<\/b><\/td>gambling<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    host<\/b><\/td>hostitel, moder\u00e1tor
    \n<\/td>    		host<\/b><\/td>guest, visitor
    \n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    hymn<\/b><\/td>chvalozp\u011bv, hymnus
    \n<\/td>    		hymna<\/b><\/td>anthem<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    interpret<\/b><\/td>vykl\u00e1dat, tlumo\u010dit
    \n<\/td>    		interpretovat<\/b><\/td>construe, perform
    \n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    interruption <\/b><\/td>p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed<\/td>interrupce<\/b><\/td>abortion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    literally<\/b><\/td>doslova, doslovn\u011b<\/td>liter\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/b><\/td>literary <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    local<\/b><\/td>m\u00edstn\u00ed, lok\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/td>lok\u00e1l<\/b><\/td>pub<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    maturity<\/b><\/td>dosp\u011blost, vyzr\u00e1lost<\/td>maturita<\/b><\/td>graduation, GCSE exam, SAT<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    mixer<\/b><\/td>m\u00edcha\u010dka<\/td>mix\u00e9r<\/b><\/td>blender<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    mute<\/b><\/td>n\u011bm\u00fd, ml\u010d\u00edc\u00ed, ztlumit
    \n<\/td>    		mutovat<\/b><\/td>mutate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    novel<\/b><\/td>rom\u00e1n<\/td>novela<\/b><\/td>novelette, amendment (novella z\u00e1kona)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    parcel<\/b><\/td>bal\u00ed\u010dek<\/td>parcela<\/b><\/td>plot (of land)
    \n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    pasta<\/b><\/td>t\u011bstoviny<\/td>pasta<\/b><\/td>paste<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    pathetic<\/b><\/td>uboh\u00fd, \u017ealostn\u00fd, doj\u00edmav\u00fd<\/td>patetick\u00fd<\/b><\/td>impassioned, affected<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    preservative<\/b><\/td>konzervant<\/td>prezervativ<\/b><\/td>condom<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    promotion<\/b><\/td>pov\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed<\/td>promovat<\/b><\/td>graduation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    prospect<\/b><\/td>vyhl\u00eddka<\/td>prospekt<\/b><\/td>leaflet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    protection<\/b><\/td>ochrana<\/td>protekce<\/b><\/td>favouritism<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    provision<\/b><\/td>opat\u0159en\u00ed, poskytnut\u00ed, zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/td>provize<\/b><\/td>commission<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    receipt<\/b><\/td>\u00fa\u010dtenka<\/td>recept<\/b><\/td>recipe, precription (recept v l\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u011b) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    refer<\/b><\/td>pouk\u00e1zat, odk\u00e1zat se na n\u011bco<\/td>referovat<\/b><\/td>report, inform
    \n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Roman<\/b><\/td>\u0158\u00edman<\/td>rom\u00e1n<\/b><\/td>novel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    serious<\/b><\/td>v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd<\/td>seri\u00f3zn\u00ed<\/b><\/td>respectable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    scheme<\/b><\/td>n\u00e1vrh, pl\u00e1n, projekt<\/td>
    \nsch\u00e9ma<\/b><\/td>    		diagram<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    smoking<\/b><\/td>kou\u0159en\u00ed <\/td>smoking<\/b><\/td>tuxedo, dinner jacket<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    spleen<\/b><\/td>slezina
    \n<\/td>    		spl\u00edn<\/b><\/td>blues<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    step<\/b><\/td>krok<\/td>step<\/b><\/td>tap dance
    \n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    stop<\/b><\/td>zastavit, p\u0159estat<\/td>stopovat<\/b><\/td>to hitchhike
    \n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \nsympathetic
    \n<\/b><\/td>    		doj\u00edmav\u00fd, soucitn\u00fd<\/td>sympatick\u00fd<\/b><\/td>likeable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    table<\/b><\/td>st\u016fl<\/td>tabule<\/b><\/td>board<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    title<\/b><\/td>funkce, titul, n\u00e1zev
    \n<\/td>    		titulek<\/b><\/td>headline<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    traffic<\/b><\/td>doprava<\/td>trafika<\/b><\/td>tobacco shop, newsstand
    \n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    transparent<\/b><\/td>pr\u016fhledn\u00fd <\/td>transparent<\/b><\/td>banner<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    virtually<\/b><\/td>prakticky, v podstat\u011b
    \n<\/td>    		virtu\u00e1ln\u011b<\/b><\/td>virtual<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    wagon<\/b><\/td>n\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u016fz, povoz
    \n<\/td>    		vag\u00f3n<\/b><\/td>carriage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=“td_smart_list_2″][vc_column][vc_column_text el_id=“3″]<\/p>\n

    \u010ce\u0161tina x Ostatn\u00ed jazyky<\/h3>\n

    Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b se s podobn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem nesetk\u00e1me jen v angli\u010dtin\u011b. V t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti najdete nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u201cfalse friends\u201d mezi na\u0161\u00edm mate\u0159sk\u00fdm jazykem a n\u011bm\u010dinou, francouz\u0161tinou, \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tinou a ital\u0161tinou.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u010ce\u0161tina x N\u011bm\u010dina<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
      N\u011bmeck\u00e9 slov\u00ed\u010dko<\/em><\/th>\u010cesk\u00fd v\u00fdznam<\/em><\/th>\u010cesk\u00e9 slov\u00ed\u010dko<\/em><\/th>N\u011bmeck\u00fd v\u00fdznam<\/em><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      das Blech<\/b><\/td>plech<\/td>blecha<\/b><\/td>der Floh <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      das Buch<\/b><\/td>kniha<\/td>b\u016fh<\/b><\/td>der Gott<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      dort<\/b><\/td>tam<\/td>dort<\/b><\/td>die Torte <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      dumm<\/b><\/td>blb\u00fd<\/td>d\u016fm<\/b><\/td>das Haus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      hoch <\/b><\/td>vysok\u00fd<\/td>hoch<\/b><\/td>der Junge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      ja<\/b><\/td>ano<\/td>j\u00e1<\/b><\/td>ich<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      das Klo<\/b><\/td>z\u00e1chod<\/td>clo<\/b><\/td>der Zoll <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      kolik<\/b><\/td>kolika<\/td>kolik<\/b><\/td>wie viel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      der Konkurs<\/b><\/td>bankrot, \u00fapadek<\/td>konkurz <\/b><\/td>das Auswahlverfahren<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      die Kost<\/b><\/td>strava<\/td>kost<\/b><\/td>der Knochen <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      lux<\/b><\/td>jednotka osv\u011btlen\u00ed<\/td>lux<\/b><\/td>der Staubsauger<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      die Mappe<\/b><\/td>desky na spisy<\/td>mapa<\/b><\/td>die (Land)Karte<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      das Metall<\/b><\/td>kov<\/td>met\u00e1l<\/b><\/td>das Metal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      der Ober<\/b><\/td>vrchn\u00ed<\/td>obr<\/b><\/td>der Riese <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      die Pille<\/b><\/td>pilulka<\/td>pila<\/b><\/td>die S\u00e4ge <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      das Rad<\/b><\/td>kolo<\/td>r\u00e1d<\/b><\/td>gern(e)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      der Rock<\/b><\/td>sukn\u011b<\/td>rok<\/b><\/td>das Jahr <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      die Spinne<\/b><\/td>pavouk<\/td>\u0161p\u00edna<\/b><\/td>der Dreck <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      der Stier<\/b><\/td>b\u00fdk<\/td>\u0161t\u00edr <\/b><\/td>der Skorpion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      der Strom<\/b><\/td>proud<\/td>strom<\/b><\/td>der Baum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      der Stuhl<\/b><\/td>\u017eidle<\/td>st\u016fl<\/b><\/td>der Tisch <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      der Tank<\/b><\/td>n\u00e1dr\u017e<\/td>tank<\/b><\/td>der Panzer <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n
        \n
      • \u010ce\u0161tina x Francouz\u0161tina<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se t\u00e9\u017e mezi jazyky m\u011bn\u00ed i rod.
        \nTen je v tabulce vyzna\u010den n\u00e1sledovn\u011b: (m) \u2013 mu\u017esk\u00fd, (\u017e) \u2013 \u017eensk\u00fd
        \nnap\u0159. \u010desk\u00e9 slov\u00ed\u010dko \u201ctransparent\u201d (m) je ve francouzsk\u00e9m p\u0159ekladu \u201cbanderole\u201d (\u017e)<\/i><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
        Francouzsk\u00e9 slov\u00ed\u010dko<\/em><\/th>\u010cesk\u00fd v\u00fdznam<\/em><\/th>\u010cesk\u00e9 slov\u00ed\u010dko<\/em><\/th>Francouzsk\u00fd v\u00fdznam<\/em><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
        maturit\u00e9<\/b> (\u017e) <\/td>zralost, dosp\u011blost <\/td>maturita<\/b><\/td>baccalaur\u00e9at (m) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        national<\/b><\/td>n\u00e1rodn\u00ed, st\u00e1tn\u00ed<\/td>nacion\u00e1le<\/b><\/td>\u00e9tat (m)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        optique <\/b><\/td>zrakov\u00fd, optika<\/td>optik<\/b><\/td>optician (m)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        ordination <\/b>(\u017e) <\/td>uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>ordinace<\/b><\/td>cabinet (m) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        penal<\/b><\/td>trestn\u00ed (z\u00e1kon\u00edk, soudnictv\u00ed) <\/td>penal <\/b><\/td>plumier (m)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        perron<\/b><\/td>vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed schodi\u0161t\u011b <\/td>per\u00f3n<\/b><\/td>quai (m) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        persienne <\/b>(\u017e)<\/td>\u017ealuzie <\/td>Perzi\u00e1n<\/b><\/td>astrakan (m) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        piste <\/b>(\u017e) <\/td>stopa, stezka<\/td>p\u00edst<\/b><\/td>piston (m)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        police <\/b>(\u017e)<\/td>policie<\/td>police<\/b><\/td>\u00e9tag\u00e8re (\u017e) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        potence <\/b>(\u017e) <\/td>jehla, stojan<\/td>potence <\/b><\/td>puissance (\u017e) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        principal <\/b><\/td>hlavn\u00ed<\/td>princip\u00e1l<\/b><\/td>patron (m)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        promotion <\/b>(\u017e) <\/td>pov\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed <\/td>promoce<\/b><\/td>remise des dipl\u00f4mes (\u017e)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        requisition <\/b>(\u017e)<\/td>ob\u017ealovac\u00ed \u0159e\u010d<\/td>rekvizita<\/b><\/td>accessoire (m) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        reste<\/b><\/td>zbytek, z\u016fstatek<\/td>rest <\/b><\/td>arri\u00e9r\u00e9 (m)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        s\u00e9cession <\/b>(\u017e)<\/td>odlou\u010den\u00ed se<\/td>secese <\/b><\/td>Art noveau (m)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        terminus <\/b>(m)<\/td>kone\u010dn\u00e1 (stanice) <\/td>term\u00edn<\/b><\/td>d\u00e9lai (m); terme (m)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        trafic <\/b>(m)<\/td>doprava (leteck\u00e1, n\u00e1kladn\u00ed,..)<\/td>trafika<\/b><\/td>(bureau de) tabac (m)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        transparent <\/b><\/td>pr\u016fhledn\u00fd <\/td>transparent<\/b><\/td>banderole (\u017e) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        trace <\/b>(\u017e) <\/td>stopa, \u0161l\u00e9p\u011bj<\/td>trasa<\/b><\/td>route (\u017e) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        tr\u00e9sor <\/b> (m)<\/td>poklad, pokladnice<\/td>trezor <\/b><\/td>coffer-fort (m)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n
          \n
        • \u010ce\u0161tina x \u0160pan\u011bl\u0161tina<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
          \u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e9 slov\u00ed\u010dko<\/em><\/th>\u010cesk\u00fd v\u00fdznam<\/em><\/th>\u010cesk\u00e9 slov\u00ed\u010dko<\/em><\/th>\u0160pan\u011blsk\u00fd v\u00fdznam<\/em><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          ano <\/b>(m)<\/td>\u0159itn\u00ed otvor <\/td>ano<\/b><\/td>s\u00ed <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          cancelar <\/b><\/td>zru\u0161it <\/td>kancel\u00e1\u0159 <\/b><\/td>oficina (\u017e)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          cosa <\/b>(\u017e)<\/td>v\u011bc <\/td>kosa<\/b><\/td>guada\u00f1a (\u017e)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          fui <\/b><\/td>\u0161el jsem <\/td>fuj<\/b><\/td>puaj <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          pan <\/b>(m)<\/td>chl\u00e9b <\/td>p\u00e1n<\/b><\/td>se\u00f1or (m)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          pero<\/b><\/td>ale<\/td>pero<\/b><\/td>pluma (m)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          rana <\/b>(\u017e)<\/td>\u017e\u00e1ba<\/td>r\u00e1na<\/b><\/td>herida (\u017e) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          refr\u00e1n <\/b>(m)<\/td>p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed<\/td>refr\u00e9n<\/b><\/td>estribillo (m)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          t\u00fa <\/b><\/td>ty <\/td>tu <\/b>(tady)<\/td>aqu\u00ed <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n
            \n
          • \u010ce\u0161tina x Ital\u0161tina<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
            Italsk\u00e9 slov\u00ed\u010dko<\/em><\/th>\u010cesk\u00fd v\u00fdznam<\/em><\/th>\u010cesk\u00e9 slov\u00ed\u010dko<\/em><\/th>Italsk\u00fd v\u00fdznam<\/em><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            botta <\/b>(\u017e)<\/td>r\u00e1na, pecka<\/td>bota <\/b><\/td>scarpa (\u017e) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            cappella <\/b>(\u017e)<\/td>kaple<\/td>kapela <\/b><\/td>gruppo (m) musicale<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            cena<\/b>(\u017e)<\/td>ve\u010de\u0159e<\/td>cena<\/b><\/td>prezzo (m) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            cos\u00ec <\/b><\/td>takhle, takto<\/td>kozy<\/b><\/td>capre (\u017e)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            letame <\/b>(m)<\/td>hn\u016fj<\/td>l\u00e9t\u00e1me <\/b><\/td>voliamo <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            lupa <\/b>(\u017e)<\/td>samice vlka<\/td>lupa<\/b><\/td>lente (\u017e) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            panna <\/b>(\u017e)<\/td>smetana <\/td>panna<\/b><\/td>vergine (\u017e) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            rana <\/b>(\u017e)<\/td>\u017e\u00e1ba<\/td>r\u00e1na <\/b><\/td>ferita (\u017e) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            stipendio <\/b>(m)<\/td>plat <\/td>stipendium <\/b><\/td>borsa (\u017e) di studio <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            vite <\/b>(\u017e)<\/td>vinn\u00e1 r\u00e9va <\/td>v\u00edte <\/b><\/td>sapete <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=“td_smart_list_2″][vc_column][vc_column_text el_id=“4″]<\/p>\n

            Britsk\u00e1 x Americk\u00e1 angli\u010dtina<\/h3>\n

            False Friends se mohou objevit i mezi dialekty jednoho jazyka. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na rozd\u00edly ve v\u00fdznamech stejn\u00fdch slov\u00ed\u010dek mezi britskou a americkou angli\u010dtinou. I ty toti\u017e n\u011bkdy mohou v\u00e9st k probl\u00e9mov\u00e9 komunikaci. Jak toti\u017e jednou prohl\u00e1sil s\u00e1m zn\u00e1m\u00fd britsk\u00fd dramatik George Bernard Shaw: \u201cSpojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty Americk\u00e9 a Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie jsou dva st\u00e1ty rozd\u011blen\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u00fdm jazykem.\u201d<\/p>\n

            Jedn\u00edm z \u010dasto diskutovan\u00fdch fenom\u00e9n\u016f je nap\u0159. slov\u00ed\u010dko \u201ePANTS\u201c.
            \nZat\u00edmco v britsk\u00e9 angli\u010dtin\u011b jej pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me jako ozna\u010den\u00ed pro mu\u017esk\u00e9 spodn\u00ed pr\u00e1dlo<\/u>, v t\u00e9 americk\u00e9 se jedn\u00e1 o klasick\u00e9 kalhoty <\/u>(pro kter\u00e9 by mohlo b\u00fdt synonymem v britsk\u00e9 angli\u010dtin\u011b slov\u00ed\u010dko \u201etrousers\u201c)<\/p>\n

            Ve v\u011bt\u011b bychom je tedy pou\u017eili n\u00e1sledovn\u011b: <\/u>
            \nBritsk\u00e1 angli\u010dtina: \u201ePut your pants <\/b>on!\u201c \u2013 \u201eOble\u010d si spodky!\u201c (maminka na nah\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b)
            \nAmerick\u00e1 angli\u010dtina: \u201eI can’t get my pants <\/b>zipped up.\u201c \u2013 \u201eNejdou mi zapnout kalhoty.\u201c<\/p>\n

            \n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
            Slov\u00ed\u010dko<\/em><\/th>V\u00fdznam v Britsk\u00e9 angli\u010dtina<\/em><\/th>V\u00fdznam v Americk\u00e9 angli\u010dtin\u011b<\/em><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            biscuit<\/b><\/td>su\u0161enka, keks <\/td>vdolek, buchta <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            chemist <\/b><\/td>drogerie, l\u00e9k\u00e1rna <\/td>chemik <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            chips <\/b><\/td>hranolky <\/td>chipsy <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            football<\/b><\/td>fotbal <\/td>americk\u00fd fotbal (podobn\u00fd rugby)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            jumper <\/b><\/td>svetr<\/td>skokan <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            pants <\/b><\/td>p\u00e1nsk\u00e9 spodky<\/td>kalhoty <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            rubber<\/b><\/td>guma<\/td>prezervativ <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            suspenders<\/b><\/td>k\u0161andy <\/td>podvazky <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=“td_smart_list_2″][vc_column][vc_column_text el_id=“5″]<\/p>\n

            False friends mezi ostatn\u00edmi jazyky<\/h3>\n

            Na z\u00e1v\u011br si pro zaj\u00edmavost uk\u00e1\u017eeme je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 fale\u0161n\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1tele z ostatn\u00edch jazyk\u016f v kombinaci s angli\u010dtinou:<\/p>\n

            \n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
            Slov\u00ed\u010dko<\/em><\/th>V\u00fdznam v 1. jazyce<\/em><\/th>V\u00fdznam v 2. jazyce<\/em><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            bright x breit <\/b><\/td>Angli\u010dtina: z\u00e1\u0159iv\u00fd<\/td>N\u011bm\u010dina: \u0161irok\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            gymnasium<\/b><\/td>Angli\u010dtina: t\u011blocvi\u010dna <\/td>N\u011bm\u010dina: gymn\u00e1zium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            gift<\/b><\/td>Angli\u010dtina: d\u00e1rek<\/td>N\u011bm\u010dina: jed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            excited x excit\u00e9 <\/b><\/td>Angli\u010dtina: nad\u0161en\u00fd <\/td>Francouz\u0161tina: podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            preservative x pr\u00e9servatif <\/b><\/td>Angli\u010dtina: konzervant <\/td>Francouz\u0161tina: prezervativ<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            slip<\/b><\/td>Angli\u010dtina: uklouznout<\/td>Francouz\u0161tina: slipy, kalhotky <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            library x librer\u00eda<\/b><\/td>Angli\u010dtina: knihovna<\/td>\u0160pan\u011bl\u0161tina: knihkupectv\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            success x suceso <\/b><\/td>Angli\u010dtina: \u00fasp\u011bch<\/td>\u0160pan\u011bl\u0161tina: ud\u00e1lost, p\u0159\u00edhoda <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            to introduce x introducir<\/b><\/td>Angli\u010dtina: uv\u00e9st<\/td>\u0160pan\u011bl\u0161tina: vlo\u017eit, zav\u00e9st <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            estate<\/b><\/td>Angli\u010dtina: pozemek<\/td>Ital\u0161tina: l\u00e9to<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            cold x caldo<\/b><\/td>Angli\u010dtina: studen\u00fd <\/td>Ital\u0161tina: hork\u00fd <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            to attend x attendere<\/b><\/td>Angli\u010dtina: z\u00fa\u010dastnit se <\/td>Ital\u0161tina: \u010dekat, o\u010dek\u00e1vat <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Kter\u00e9 z\u00a0t\u011bchto slov\u00ed\u010dek v\u00e1s nejv\u00edce p\u0159ekvapilo, \u010di v\u00e1m d\u011bl\u00e1 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m? Dejte n\u00e1m v\u011bd\u011bt do koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f. <\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            [vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] False Friends (neboli \u201aFale\u0161n\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9\u2018) jsou slova nebo slovn\u00ed spojen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 v r\u016fzn\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch zn\u00ed nebo vypadaj\u00ed stejn\u011b, ale maj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00e9 v\u00fdznamy. Mnoha student\u016fm tak mohou nejen zt\u00ed\u017eit u\u010den\u00ed jazyka, ale t\u00e9\u017e je dostat do trapn\u00fdch situac\u00ed p\u0159i konverzaci s rodil\u00fdm mluv\u010d\u00edm. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed slova a jejich rozd\u00edly v […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1834,"featured_media":83199,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[34],"tags":[423,422,425,424,426],"yoast_head":"\nJak v\u00e1m to mohou \u201afale\u0161n\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9\u2018 p\u011bkn\u011b zava\u0159it - SoGood Languages<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"False Friends (neboli \u201aFale\u0161n\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9\u2018) jsou slova nebo slovn\u00ed spojen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 v r\u016fzn\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch zn\u00ed nebo vypadaj\u00ed stejn\u011b, ale maj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00e9 v\u00fdznamy. Mnoha student\u016fm tak mohou nejen zt\u00ed\u017eit u\u010den\u00ed jazyka, ale t\u00e9\u017e je dostat do trapn\u00fdch situac\u00ed p\u0159i konverzaci s rodil\u00fdm mluv\u010d\u00edm. Co tedy s t\u00edm? Poj\u010fte to zjistit. 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