{"id":107921,"date":"2023-05-31T14:07:39","date_gmt":"2023-05-31T12:07:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.sogoodlanguages.com\/jak-na-casy-v-anglictine\/"},"modified":"2023-05-31T14:07:41","modified_gmt":"2023-05-31T12:07:41","slug":"jak-na-casy-v-anglictine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.sogoodlanguages.com\/pl\/jak-na-casy-v-anglictine\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak na \u010dasy v angli\u010dtin\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text el_id=&#8221;1&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 21px;\">Tak\u00e9 se v\u00e1m pletou \u010dasy v angli\u010dtin\u011b? Je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010das na to vyzr\u00e1t. Pod\u00edvejte se na nejlep\u0161\u00ed porovn\u00e1n\u00ed anglick\u00fdch \u010das\u016f a u\u017e nikdy nev\u00e1hejte, kter\u00fd z \u010das\u016f v dan\u00e9 chv\u00edli pou\u017e\u00edt.<\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_id=&#8221;2&#8243; el_class=&#8221;js-anchor&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"td-sml-current-item-nr\">1<\/span> Jak\u00e9 jsou anglick\u00e9 \u010dasy a pro\u010d je mus\u00edme v\u0161echny pou\u017e\u00edvat?<\/h3>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u010dasy v angli\u010dtin\u011b se rozd\u011bluj\u00ed podle toho, kdy se d\u011bj stal &#8211; m\u00e1me tedy \u010das <b>minul\u00fd<\/b>, <b>p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd<\/b> a <b>budouc\u00ed<\/b>. To zn\u00ed jednodu\u0161e, no \u0159ekn\u011bte?<\/p>\n<p>V\u0161echny \u010dasy m\u016f\u017eeme je\u0161t\u011b rozd\u011blit podle <b>pr\u016fb\u011bhovosti<\/b>. Ta n\u00e1m pom\u00e1h\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee se n\u011bco stalo v minulosti, ale chceme zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee to prob\u00edhalo &#8211; pou\u017eijeme minul\u00fd \u010das pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd. Jako p\u0159\u00edklad uve\u010fme <i>\u201cV\u010dera jsem si \u010detl kn\u00ed\u017eku\u201d<\/i> &#8211; <i>\u201cI was reading a book yesterday\u201d<\/i> &#8211; neznamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee jsem ji p\u0159e\u010detl, ale d\u00e1v\u00e1me d\u016fraz na samotnou aktivitu, tedy \u010dten\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm stra\u0161\u00e1kem u \u010das\u016f b\u00fdv\u00e1 jejich tzv. \u201c<b>perfektnost<\/b>\u201d. Je to hlavn\u011b z toho d\u016fvodu, \u017ee ji v \u010desk\u00e9m jazyce nem\u00e1me. Pokud ale pochop\u00edme, v \u010dem spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1, u\u017e ji budeme pou\u017e\u00edvat raz dva. P\u0159edstavte si nap\u0159\u00edklad, \u017ee se n\u011bjak\u00fd d\u011bj stal v minulosti, prob\u00edhal po n\u011bjakou dobu, ale jeho v\u00fdsledky vid\u00edme tady a te\u010f. Jak\u00fd \u010das bychom pou\u017eili v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b? Asi v\u011bt\u0161inou minul\u00fd \u010das &#8211; nap\u0159\u00edklad <i>\u201cZlomil jsem si ruku a te\u010f nemohu ps\u00e1t\u201d<\/i>. Pr\u00e1v\u011b v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v angli\u010dtin\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das <i>\u201cI have broken my arm so I can&#8217;t write now\u201d<\/i>. Nebo v\u011bta <i>\u201cNikdy jsem nebyl v Lond\u00fdn\u011b\u201d<\/i> &#8211; <i>\u201cI have never been to London\u201d<\/i> &#8211; mluv\u00edme sice o minulosti, ale plat\u00ed to a\u017e do te\u010f, tedy do p\u0159\u00edtomnosti.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"td-sml-current-item-nr\">2<\/span> Kdy se jak\u00fd \u010das pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, a jak\u00e1 slova (p\u0159edlo\u017eky a p\u0159\u00edslovce) n\u00e1m mohou napov\u011bd\u011bt, kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edt?<\/h3>\n<h3>P\u0158\u00cdTOMN\u00dd \u010cAS<\/h3>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das pro n\u00e1s tvo\u0159\u00ed \u00fapln\u00fd z\u00e1klad, rozhodn\u011b se bez n\u011bj v angli\u010dtin\u011b neobejdeme. \u010casto na n\u011bj ale zapom\u00edn\u00e1me, nau\u010d\u00edme se r\u016fzn\u00e9 slo\u017eit\u00e9 \u010dasy a vazby, a ve vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9 v\u011bty v p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase hled\u00e1me zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 komplikace. Proto si poj\u010fme shrnout, kdy pou\u017e\u00edt p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das a ned\u011blejme v tom u\u017e nikdy \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 chyby.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<strong>P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd<\/strong> je naprosto kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se v mnoha r\u016fzn\u00fdch situac\u00edch \u010di v\u00fdznamech. Slou\u017e\u00ed k vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><u>kon\u00ed\u010dk\u016f, postoj\u016f nebo zvyk\u016f<\/u> &#8211; <i>Hraji na klav\u00edr (I play the piano), Jsem ku\u0159\u00e1k (I smoke) <\/i><\/li>\n<li>aktivit, kter\u00e9 se<u> pravideln\u011b opakuj\u00ed<\/u> &#8211; <i>Ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00edkend jedeme na v\u00fdlet (We go on a trip every weekend). <\/i><\/li>\n<li><u>obecn\u00e9 pravdy<\/u> &#8211; <i>Sn\u00edh je b\u00edl\u00fd (The snow is white)<\/i><\/li>\n<li>n\u011b\u010deho, co se<u> d\u011bje po dlouhou dobu<\/u> &#8211; <i>Pracuji jako \u0159idi\u010d (I work as a driver). <\/i><br \/>\n<u><\/u><\/li>\n<li><u>vlastnost\u00ed nebo dovednost\u00ed<\/u>, jak n\u011bco um\u00edme nebo neum\u00edme ud\u011blat &#8211; <i>Ly\u017euje\u0161 velmi dob\u0159e (You ski really well).<\/i><br \/>\n<u><\/u><\/li>\n<li><u>j\u00edzdn\u00edch \u0159\u00e1d\u016f<\/u>, proto\u017ee dodr\u017euj\u00ed st\u00e1le stejn\u00fd \u010das, je to vlastn\u011b takov\u00e1 opakovan\u00e1 \u010dinnost nebo obecn\u00e1 pravda &#8211; <i>Vlak odj\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed ve 3 hodiny (The train leaves at 3 p.m.).<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pokud si nev\u00edme rady, pomohou n\u00e1m slova, kter\u00e1 se s p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdm \u010dasem poj\u00ed. Kdy\u017e je ve v\u011bt\u011b uvid\u00edme, mohou n\u00e1s nasm\u011brovat na to, jak\u00fd \u010das pou\u017e\u00edt. A jak\u00e1 slova se poj\u00ed s p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdm \u010dasem?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>OFTEN <\/b>(\u010dasto) vyjad\u0159uje obecnou pravdu nebo \u010dast\u00e9 opakov\u00e1n\u00ed &#8211;<i> \u010casto chod\u00edm pozd\u011b (I often come late).<\/i><br \/>\n<b><\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>NEVER <\/b>(nikdy) znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se n\u011bco nikdy nestalo nebo se ned\u011bje &#8211;<i> Po ob\u011bd\u011b nikdy nepiji k\u00e1vu (I never drink coffee after lunch).<\/i><br \/>\n<b><\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>EVERY<\/b> (ka\u017ed\u00fd) pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me k vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed opakovan\u00e9 \u010dinnosti &#8211; <i>Ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00edkend hraji<br \/>\ntenis (I play tennis every weekend).<\/i><\/li>\n<li>dal\u0161\u00ed slov\u00ed\u010dka, kter\u00e1 se poj\u00ed s p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdm \u010dasem jsou <b>USUALLY<\/b> (obvykle), <b>SOMETIMES <\/b>(n\u011bkdy) nebo <b>ALWAYS <\/b>(v\u017edy).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<strong>P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd<\/strong><br \/>\nP\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das m\u016f\u017eeme vyj\u00e1d\u0159it tak\u00e9 v <b>pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00e9m tvaru<\/b> pokud chceme \u0159\u00edci:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u017ee <u>se pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f n\u011bco d\u011bje<\/u> &#8211; <i>Pracuji (I am working). <\/i><\/li>\n<li>pou\u017eijeme ho tak\u00e9 ve chv\u00edli, kdy <u>mluv\u00edme o budoucnosti, u kter\u00e9 jsme si jisti, \u017ee nastane<\/u>. Je nap\u0159\u00edklad hodn\u011b bl\u00edzko a v\u0161e je napl\u00e1novan\u00e9 &#8211;<i> Z\u00edtra odj\u00ed\u017ed\u00edm do Lond\u00fdna (I am leaving for London tomorrow).<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>O tom, \u017ee m\u00e1me pou\u017e\u00edt p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd n\u00e1m napov\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>slova spojen\u00e1 s t\u00edmto okam\u017eikem <b>NOW<\/b> (te\u010f) nebo<b> AT THE MOMENT<\/b> (te\u010f) &#8211; <i>Pr\u00e1v\u011b tan\u010d\u00ed (She is dancing at the moment). <\/i><\/li>\n<li>pokud mluv\u00edme o pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 budoucnosti mohou to b\u00fdt slova <b>TOMORROW <\/b>(z\u00edtra), <b>THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW<\/b> (poz\u00edt\u0159\u00ed), <b>NEXT WEEK<\/b> (p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed t\u00fdden),&#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<strong>Rozd\u00edl mezi p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdm \u010dasem prost\u00fdm a pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fdm<\/strong><br \/>\nTo bychom m\u011bli shrnut\u00ed prvn\u00edch \u010das\u016f, p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu prost\u00e9ho a pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00e9ho. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je pamatovat si, \u017ee u p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu prost\u00e9ho se jedn\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se \u010dinnosti, obecn\u00e9 pravdy \u010di j\u00edzdn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dy<\/span>. Pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd \u010das zase pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me ve chv\u00edli, kdy se n\u011bco <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">d\u011bje pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f nebo v bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti<\/span> a <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">je to pe\u010dliv\u011b napl\u00e1novan\u00e9<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>I play football.<\/b> <i>(Hr\u00e1v\u00e1m fotbal). <\/i>x <b>I am playing football.<\/b> <i>(Hraji fotbal).<\/i><\/p>\n<p>V prvn\u00ed v\u011bt\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o opakovanou \u010dinnost. Takov\u00e9 v\u011bty b\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u010dasto dopln\u011bny o \u010dasov\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edslovce, nap\u0159. I play football every Sunday. (Hr\u00e1v\u00e1m fotbal ka\u017edou ned\u011bli). Druh\u00e1 v\u011bta popisuje \u010dinnost, kter\u00e1 se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f, v tento moment.<\/p>\n<p>U\u017e v\u00edte, jak rozli\u0161it p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd a pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd? Zkuste si zdarma uk\u00e1zkov\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/student.onlinejazyky.cz\/lesson\/public-detail\/id\/150782\/hash\/bde026486b5ea742a972c093146a3822\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cvi\u010den\u00ed<\/a> z programu Onlinejazyky a otestujte si sv\u00e9 znalosti z p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud si chcete zopakovat v\u00edce o p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase a zjistit, jak se jednotliv\u00e9 v\u011bty tvo\u0159\u00ed, pod\u00edvejte se na podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed <a href=\"\/?p=82545\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u010dl\u00e1nek<\/a> k tomuto t\u00e9matu.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3>MINUL\u00dd \u010cAS<\/h3>\n<p><b>Je na \u010dase pod\u00edvat se do minulosti. Kdy m\u00e1me pou\u017e\u00edt minul\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd, a kdy jeho pr\u016fb\u011bh?<\/b><br \/>\n<strong>Minul\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd<\/strong> pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me pro d\u011bje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>kter\u00e9 se staly v minulosti, a tak\u00e9 v <u>minulosti skon\u010dily<\/u> &#8211; <i>V\u010dera jsem hr\u00e1l tenis (I played tennis yesterday)<\/i><\/li>\n<li>kter\u00e9 se <u>pravideln\u011b v minulosti opakovaly<\/u> &#8211; <i>Kdy\u017e jsem byl mal\u00fd, hr\u00e1l jsem na klav\u00edr (When I was young, I played the piano).<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>K tomu, abychom ur\u010dili, \u017ee m\u00e1me pou\u017e\u00edt pr\u00e1v\u011b minul\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd, n\u00e1m pomohou slov\u00ed\u010dka, kter\u00e1 se s t\u00edmto \u010dasem \u010dasto spojuj\u00ed. Mezi n\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>YESTERDAY <\/b>(v\u010dera) &#8211; <i>V\u010dera jsem hr\u00e1l golf (I played golf yesterday).<\/i><br \/>\nv podstat\u011b jak\u00fdkoliv \u010dasov\u00fd \u00fadaj spojen\u00fd se slovem <b>LAST <\/b>(minul\u00fd), nap\u0159.<\/li>\n<li><b>LAST WEEK <\/b>(minul\u00fd t\u00fdden) nebo <b>LAST YEAR<\/b> (minul\u00fd rok) &#8211; <i>Minul\u00fd rok jsem nav\u0161t\u00edvil Skotsko (I visited Scotland last year).<\/i><br \/>\n<b><\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>AGO <\/b>(p\u0159ed) &#8211; <i>P\u0159ed dv\u011bma dny jsem ztratil kl\u00ed\u010de (Two days ago I lost my keys). <\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pokud si nejste jist\u00ed, jak se minul\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd tvo\u0159\u00ed, pod\u00edvejte se na podrobn\u00fd <a href=\"\/?p=82452\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u010dl\u00e1nek<\/a>, kde v\u00e1m v\u0161e jednodu\u0161e vysv\u011btl\u00edme.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<strong>Minul\u00fd \u010das pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd<\/strong><br \/>\nU minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00e9ho je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd <b>d\u016fraz na pr\u016fb\u011bh<\/b>, chceme zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee se n\u011bco ur\u010ditou dobu d\u011blo a ne, \u017ee se to jen stalo. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se ve t\u0159ech z\u00e1kladn\u00edch situac\u00edch:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>k vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 aktivity v minulosti, kter\u00e1 se stala <u>v ur\u010dit\u00fd okam\u017eik, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017eeme ur\u010dit \u010dasem<\/u> &#8211; <i>V\u010dera v 5 hodin jsem hr\u00e1l na klav\u00edr (I was playing the piano yesterday at 5 p.m.), <\/i><\/li>\n<li>dan\u00e1 <u>aktivita m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ur\u010dena jin\u00fdm d\u011bjem<\/u> &#8211; <i>Kdy\u017e zazvonil telefon, sprchovala jsem se (When the phone rang I was having a shower). <\/i><\/li>\n<li>v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy mluv\u00edme o <u>dvou d\u011bj\u00edch, kter\u00e9 prob\u00edhaly z\u00e1rove\u0148<\/u> &#8211; <i>Hr\u00e1la jsem na klav\u00edr zat\u00edmco moje mamka pracovala na zahrad\u011b (I was playing the piano when my mom was working on the garden).<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Stejn\u011b jako v minul\u00e9m \u010dase prost\u00e9m, i tady n\u00e1m pom\u00e1haj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e1 slova rozpoznat, \u017ee m\u00e1me pou\u017e\u00edt pr\u00e1v\u011b minul\u00fd \u010das pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd. Jsou to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>5 p.m. <\/b>(5 hodin odpoledne), <b>YESTERDAY EVENING<\/b> (v\u010dera ve\u010der) a dal\u0161\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed ur\u010den\u00ed \u010dasu &#8211; <i>V\u010dera ve\u010der jsem pracoval (I was working yesterday evening).<\/i><br \/>\n<b><\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>FROM &#8211; TO<\/b> (od &#8211; do), <b>BETWEEN <\/b>(mezi) &#8211; <i>V\u010dera mezi sedmou a osmou jsem hr\u00e1l na klav\u00edr (I was playing piano from 7 to 8 yesterday).<\/i><br \/>\n<b><\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>WHEN <\/b>(kdy\u017e), <b>WHILE <\/b>(zat\u00edmco), <b>AND<\/b> (a) pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me u dvou d\u011bj\u016f, kter\u00e9 prob\u00edhaj\u00ed z\u00e1rove\u0148 &#8211; <i>Zat\u00edmco jsem pracovala, Jack va\u0159il ob\u011bd (I was working while Jack was cooking lunch).<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Te\u010f u\u017e v\u00edme, kdy pou\u017e\u00edt minul\u00fd \u010das pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd, pokud si nejste jisti s t\u00edm, jak vytvo\u0159it samotnou v\u011btu v tomto \u010dase, pod\u00edvejte se na podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed <a href=\"\/?p=82452\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u010dl\u00e1nek<\/a>.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<b>Minulost se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt jednoduch\u00e1, co \u0159\u00edk\u00e1te?<br \/>\nPoj\u010fme si tedy zopakovat, jak\u00fd je <\/b><strong>rozd\u00edl mezi minul\u00fdm \u010dasem prost\u00fdm a pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fdm.<\/strong><b><br \/>\n<\/b>Nejpodstatn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm rozd\u00edlem je to, \u017ee v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu prost\u00e9ho, klademe d\u016fraz na to, \u017ee se prost\u011b n\u011bco stalo. U \u010dasu pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00e9 se naopak zam\u011b\u0159ujeme na \u010dinnost, kter\u00e1 n\u011bjakou dobu trvala.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>I cleaned the bathroom.<\/b> <i>(Uklidila jsem koupelnu.)<\/i><br \/>\nx<br \/>\n<b>I was cleaning the bathroom.<\/b> <i>(Ukl\u00edzela jsem koupelnu.)<\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V prvn\u00ed v\u011bt\u011b pouze konstatuji, \u017ee jsem uklidila koupelnu, v druh\u00e9 je d\u016fraz na trv\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9 \u010dinnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P\u0159edt\u00edm ne\u017e se posuneme d\u00e1l, k \u010dasu p\u0159edminul\u00e9mu, poj\u010fme si kr\u00e1tk\u00fdm <a href=\"https:\/\/student.onlinejazyky.cz\/lesson\/public-detail\/id\/150786\/hash\/fb8624a3d344967a7fe444297fe4eba9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">videem<\/a> vyp\u016fj\u010den\u00fdm z programu Onlinejazyky shrnout a zopakovat pou\u017eit\u00ed a tvo\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho a minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu. <\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_class=&#8221;js-anchor&#8221; el_id=&#8221;3&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h3>P\u0158EDMINUL\u00dd \u010cAS<\/h3>\n<p><b>V\u011bd\u011bli jste \u017ee minulost m\u016f\u017eeme vyj\u00e1d\u0159it je\u0161t\u011b \u010dasem p\u0159edminul\u00fdm?<\/b><br \/>\nPoj\u010fme se v rychlosti je\u0161t\u011b pod\u00edvat na \u010das p\u0159edminul\u00fd, kter\u00fd se, jak n\u00e1zev napov\u00edd\u00e1, t\u00fdk\u00e1 minulosti. A s \u010dasem minul\u00fdm je tak\u00e9 pevn\u011b spjat. P\u0159edminul\u00fd \u010das se toti\u017e pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, kdy\u017e hovo\u0159\u00edme o n\u011b\u010dem, co se p\u0159ihodilo je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed ur\u010dit\u00fdm bodem v minulosti. Je to v podstat\u011b takov\u00e1 minulost na druhou.<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159edminul\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd<\/strong> se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy mluv\u00edme o n\u011b\u010dem, co se odehr\u00e1lo <u>p\u0159ed ur\u010dit\u00fdm bodem v minulosti<\/u> &#8211;<i> John byl sp\u00e1len\u00fd od slunce, proto\u017ee zapomn\u011bl pou\u017e\u00edt opalovac\u00ed kr\u00e9m (John was sunburnt because he had forgotten to use sunscreen).<\/i> &#8211; Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm ne\u017e se John sp\u00e1lil od slunce, co\u017e se odehr\u00e1lo v minulosti, tak zapomn\u011bl pou\u017e\u00edt opalovac\u00ed kr\u00e9m &#8211; proto se v druh\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti v\u011bty pou\u017eije \u010das p\u0159edminul\u00fd prost\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Slov\u00ed\u010dka, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1m pomohou p\u0159i ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edminul\u00e9ho \u010dasu jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>AFTER <\/b>(po, potom) &#8211; <i>Potom co docvi\u010dila, osprchovala se (After she had finished exercising, she took a shower).<\/i><br \/>\n<b><\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>BECAUSE <\/b>(proto\u017ee) &#8211; <i>Tu pr\u00e1ci jsem nedostal, proto\u017ee jsem byl na pohovoru nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd (I didn&#8217;t get the job because I had been rude during the interview).<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed pomocn\u00e1 slov\u00ed\u010dka a uk\u00e1zkov\u00e9 v\u011bty naleznete v tomto <a href=\"https:\/\/dev.sogoodlanguages.com\/english\/study\/predminuly-cas-past-perfect-tense\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u010dl\u00e1nku<\/a>.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Stejn\u011b jako \u010dasy p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00e9 i p\u0159edminul\u00fd \u010das m\u00e1 pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd tvar, kter\u00fd klade d\u016fraz na trv\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho d\u011bje \u010di \u010dinnosti. <strong>P\u0159edminul\u00fd \u010das pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd<\/strong> se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad kdy\u017e:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><u>n\u011bco prob\u00edhalo ur\u010ditou dobu p\u0159ed n\u011bjak\u00fdm bodem v minulosti<\/u> &#8211; <i>Byla jsem vy\u010derp\u00e1na po tom, co jsem t\u0159i hodiny pracovala na sv\u00e9 eseji (I was exhausted after I had been working on my essay for three hours). <\/i>&#8211; Vy\u010derp\u00e1na jsem byla v minulosti, proto\u017ee jsem je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm pracovala na eseji.<br \/>\n<u><\/u><\/li>\n<li><u>stav, kter\u00fd nastal v minulosti, byl zp\u016fsoben d\u011bjem, kter\u00fd ur\u010ditou dobu trval<\/u> &#8211; <i>Zkou\u0161ku slo\u017eil \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b, proto\u017ee celou noc studoval (He passed the exam because he had been studying all night).<\/i> &#8211; Celou noc studoval je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e slo\u017eil zkou\u0161ku.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<strong>Rozd\u00edl mezi p\u0159edminul\u00fdm \u010dasem prost\u00fdm a pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fdm<\/strong><br \/>\nRozd\u00edl spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee \u010das p\u0159edminul\u00fd prost\u00fd se soust\u0159ed\u00ed na n\u011bjakou jednor\u00e1zovou ud\u00e1lost, kter\u00e1 se odehr\u00e1la v minulosti. P\u0159edminul\u00fd \u010das pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd zase popisuje \u010dinnosti nebo d\u011bje, kter\u00e9 n\u011bjakou dobu v minulosti prob\u00edhaly.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>I knew all the answers because I had read the book.<\/b><br \/>\n<i>(Znal jsem v\u0161echny odpov\u011bdi, proto\u017ee jsem \u010detl tu knihu).<\/i><br \/>\nx<br \/>\n<b>I knew all the answers because I had been reading the book last night.<\/b><br \/>\n<i>(Znal jsem v\u0161echny odpov\u011bdi, proto\u017ee jsem tu knihu \u010detl v\u010dera ve\u010der).<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Z prvn\u00ed v\u011bty vy\u010dteme, \u017ee mluv\u010d\u00ed knihu p\u0159e\u010detl n\u011bkdy v minulosti, z druh\u00e9 je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee knihu \u010detl ur\u010ditou dobu v\u010dera ve\u010der.<\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159edminul\u00e9ho \u010dasu a tak\u00e9 zp\u016fsob tvo\u0159en\u00ed v\u011bt najdete <a href=\"https:\/\/dev.sogoodlanguages.com\/english\/study\/predminuly-cas-past-perfect-tense\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">zde<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Jste si jist\u00ed sv\u00fdmi znalostmi minul\u00e9ho i p\u0159edminul\u00e9ho \u010dasu? Tak pro\u010d si je neotestovat v dal\u0161\u00edm <a href=\"https:\/\/student.onlinejazyky.cz\/lesson\/public-detail\/id\/150785\/hash\/7b76ea8800b1ba2ee8ec5cc5a01d33b2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cvi\u010den\u00ed<\/a> z programu Onlinejazyky?[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3>P\u0158EDP\u0158\u00cdTOMMN\u00dd \u010cAS<\/h3>\n<p><b>Co je mezi minulost\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed? P\u0159eci p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das. I kdy\u017e ho v \u010desk\u00e9m jazyce nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me, uka\u017eme si, \u017ee to nen\u00ed tak t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9. Jak na n\u011bj a jak ho odli\u0161it od minul\u00e9ho a p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>A te\u010f bychom se pod\u00edvali na toho v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho stra\u0161\u00e1ka &#8211; \u010das p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd. V \u010de\u0161tin\u011b \u010das p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd neexistuje a studenti \u010dasto nespr\u00e1vn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed \u010das minul\u00fd. Je tedy nutn\u00e9 se tyto dva \u010dasy nau\u010dit rozli\u0161ovat. Nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed je zapamatovat si, \u017ee \u010das minul\u00fd je spojen s <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm \u010dasov\u00fdm \u00fadajem v minulosti<\/span> &#8211; <i>Tu knihu jsem do\u010detla minul\u00fd t\u00fdden. (I finished the book last week)<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd<\/strong>, a\u010d se \u010dasto t\u00fdk\u00e1 minulosti, tak se <u>vztahuje k p\u0159\u00edtomnosti<\/u>, tedy to, co se ud\u00e1lo v minulosti, m\u00e1 n\u011bjak\u00fd dopad v p\u0159\u00edtomnosti &#8211; <i>Ned\u00e1vno jsem zalo\u017eil kapelu. (I have recently started a band.)<\/i> &#8211; kapelu jsem zalo\u017eil v minulosti, ale v\u00fdsledek se prom\u00edt\u00e1 do p\u0159\u00edtomnosti.<br \/>\nPokud se v\u00e1m to zd\u00e1 matouc\u00ed, jsou t\u0159i z\u00e1kladn\u00ed situace, kdy se \u010das p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd prost\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><u>\u010das, o kter\u00e9m mluv\u00edme, je\u0161t\u011b pokra\u010duje<\/u> &#8211; <i>Dnes jsem byl v kin\u011b (I have been to cinema today).<\/i> &#8211; dne\u0161ek je\u0161t\u011b neskon\u010dil.<\/li>\n<li><u>\u010dasov\u00fd \u00fadaj nen\u00ed v\u016fbec zm\u00edn\u011bn<\/u> &#8211; <i>\u010cetl jsi tu knihu? (Have you read the book?)<\/i><\/li>\n<li>pou\u017eit\u00ed \u010dasu ve spojen\u00ed se slovy <b>EVER<\/b> nebo <b>NEVER<\/b> &#8211;<i> Nikdy jsem nevid\u011bl film Titanic. (I have never seen the movie Titanic.)<\/i><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Jist\u011b jste si v\u0161imli, \u017ee \u010desk\u00e9 p\u0159eklady jsou v minul\u00e9m \u010dase. Jak\u00fd je tedy rozd\u00edl mezi minul\u00fdm \u010dasem prost\u00fdm a p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdm \u010dasem prost\u00fdm? Je to vlastn\u011b docela jednoduch\u00e9:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><i>I finished the book. <\/i>(Do\u010detl jsem tu knihu.) x <i>I have finished the book<\/i>. (Do\u010detl jsem tu knihu).<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159eklad je naprosto stejn\u00fd a oba dva \u010dasy popisuj\u00ed situaci, kter\u00e1 u\u017e je ukon\u010dena, ale rozd\u00edl mezi nimi p\u0159eci jen je. Prvn\u00ed v\u011bta nazna\u010duje, \u017ee d\u011bj byl ukon\u010den v n\u011bjak\u00fd konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u010das v minulosti. V\u011bta v \u010dase minul\u00e9m prost\u00e9m tak\u00e9 b\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dasto o takov\u00fd \u00fadaj dopln\u011bna, nap\u0159. <i>I finished the book last Saturday (Tu knihu jsem do\u010detl minulou sobotu)<\/i>. V druh\u00e9 v\u011bt\u011b se tak\u00e9 jedn\u00e1 o d\u011bj ukon\u010den\u00fd v minulosti, ale narozd\u00edl od prvn\u00ed v\u011bty, \u010das jeho ukon\u010den\u00ed nezn\u00e1me, prost\u011b se to stalo n\u011bkdy v minulosti. Jednoduchou pom\u016fckou pro rozli\u0161en\u00ed \u010dasu minul\u00e9ho prost\u00e9ho a p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho prost\u00e9ho tedy je, \u017ee <u>zn\u00e1me-li \u010das ukon\u010den\u00ed d\u011bje pou\u017eijeme \u010das minul\u00fd prost\u00fd<\/u>, pokud <u>\u010das nezn\u00e1me, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me \u010das p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd prost\u00fd<\/u>.<\/p>\n<p>A jak\u00e1 slov\u00ed\u010dka n\u00e1m mohou pomoci p\u0159i ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu? Jsou to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u010dasov\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edslovce, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>JUST<\/b> (pr\u00e1v\u011b) pou\u017eijeme pokud se ud\u00e1lost pr\u00e1v\u011b stala &#8211; <i>Pr\u00e1v\u011b jsem shl\u00e9dl ten film. (I have just seen the movie.)<\/i><\/li>\n<li><b>ALREADY<\/b> (u\u017e) pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me pokud se n\u011bco stane d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e jsme \u010dekali &#8211; <i>U\u017e jsem ten film vid\u011bl (I have already seen the movie).<\/i><\/li>\n<li><b>RECENTLY<\/b> (ned\u00e1vno) pou\u017eijeme pokud od ud\u00e1losti neub\u011bhlo moc \u010dasu &#8211; <i>Ned\u00e1vno jsem vid\u011bl ten film (I have recently seen the movie). <\/i><\/li>\n<li><b>SINCE<\/b> (od) &#8211; doba, od kter\u00e9 se n\u011bco odehr\u00e1v\u00e1- <i>Ten film jsem nevid\u011bl od m\u00e9ho d\u011btstv\u00ed (I have not seen the movie since my childhood).<\/i><\/li>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed slov\u00ed\u010dka, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1m napov\u00ed a tak\u00e9 podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ehled pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu prost\u00e9ho naleznete v tomto <a href=\"\/?p=83214\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u010dl\u00e1nku<\/a>.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<strong>P\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd<\/strong><br \/>\nJak n\u00e1zev napov\u00edd\u00e1, op\u011bt n\u00e1m jde o <b>pr\u016fb\u011bh<\/b>, o n\u011bco, co trv\u00e1. Existuje n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, ve kter\u00fdch se \u010das p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><u>\u010dinnost, kter\u00e1 za\u010dala v minulosti, ale pokra\u010duje do p\u0159\u00edtomnosti<\/u> &#8211; <i>Angli\u010dtinu studuji p\u011bt let (I have been studying English for five years)<\/i> &#8211; studovat jsem za\u010dal v minulosti, ale studuji st\u00e1le.<\/li>\n<li>zam\u011b\u0159ujeme se na samotnou <u>\u010dinnost, nikoliv na jej\u00ed v\u00fdsledek<\/u> &#8211; <i>U\u017e dv\u011b hodiny hraje na klav\u00edr (He has been playing the piano for two hours)<\/i> &#8211; d\u011bj je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed ukon\u010den\u00fd, st\u00e1le hraje na klav\u00edr.<\/li>\n<li>situace, kdy <u>sou\u010dasn\u00fd stav vych\u00e1z\u00ed z \u010dinnosti prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 v minulosti<\/u> &#8211; <i>Ta m\u00edstnost je pr\u00e1zdn\u00e1, proto\u017ee ji maloval (The room is empty because he has been painting it).<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>P\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd, je v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b \u010dasto p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1n do minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu. \u010cas p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd je naopak v\u011bt\u0161inou p\u0159elo\u017een\u00fd jako \u010das p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd (viz bod 1. a 2.) Jak\u00fd je mezi nimi tedy rozd\u00edl?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><i>I have been studying English for five years (Angli\u010dtinu studuji p\u011bt let). x I am studying English (Studuji angli\u010dtinu).<\/i><\/li>\n<li><i>He has been playing the piano for two hours (Dv\u011b hodiny hraje na klav\u00edr). x He is playing the piano (Hraje na klav\u00edr)<\/i>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V obou p\u0159\u00edpadech je p\u0159eklad t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 identick\u00fd, \u010das p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd v\u0161ak klade d\u016fraz na to, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o \u010dinnost zapo\u010datou v minulosti a tak\u00e9 na d\u00e9lku jej\u00edho trv\u00e1n\u00ed, proto je \u010dasto dopln\u011bn o n\u011bjak\u00fd \u010dasov\u00fd \u00fadaj.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud je v\u00e1m pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu po\u0159\u00e1d trochu nejasn\u00e9, v tomto <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XUIJ9pBDlHs&amp;t=32s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">videu<\/a> se m\u016f\u017eete pod\u00edvat na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed uk\u00e1zky jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed ve filmech a seri\u00e1lech.<br \/>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<strong>Rozd\u00edl mezi p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdm \u010dasem prost\u00fdm a pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fdm<\/strong><br \/>\nZ\u00e1kladn\u00edm rozd\u00edlem mezi nimi je to, \u017ee <u>\u010das prost\u00fd klade d\u016fraz na v\u00fdsledek<\/u>, zat\u00edmco <u>\u010das pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd na \u010dinnost<\/u>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>He has written a book <\/b><i>(Napsal knihu).<\/i><br \/>\nx<br \/>\n<b>He has been writing a book for two years<\/b><i> (Dva roky p\u00ed\u0161e knihu).<\/i><\/p>\n<p>V prvn\u00ed v\u011bt\u011b u\u017e do\u0161lo k ukon\u010den\u00ed \u010dinnosti a zam\u011b\u0159uje se na v\u00fdsledek, kniha u\u017e je naps\u00e1na. V druh\u00e9 v\u011bt\u011b je d\u016fraz kladen na samotnou \u010dinnost, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed ukon\u010dena &#8211; kniha je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed naps\u00e1na, zam\u011b\u0159ujeme se na samotn\u00fd akt psan\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>A kdyby v\u00e1s l\u00e1kalo v\u011btu \u201c<i>Napsal knihu.<\/i>\u201c p\u0159elo\u017eit jako \u201c<i>He wrote a book.<\/i>\u201d, p\u0159ipome\u0148me si pom\u016fcku, \u017ee minul\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me, pokud zn\u00e1me konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u010das ukon\u010den\u00ed \u010dinnosti. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u0161ak takov\u00fd \u00fadaj nezn\u00e1me, pou\u017eijeme tedy p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd.<br \/>\nRozli\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho a minul\u00e9ho \u010dasu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt n\u011bkdy docela o\u0159\u00ed\u0161ek. Otestujte si, jak to jde V\u00e1m v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm <a href=\"https:\/\/student.onlinejazyky.cz\/lesson\/public-detail\/id\/150787\/hash\/910c6a87ab517d719ba32e6b618d09c3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cvi\u010den\u00ed<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Jist\u011b jste si v\u0161imli, \u017ee p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me slov\u00ed\u010dko <b>HAVE<\/b>. Toto slovo m\u016f\u017eete zn\u00e1t ve v\u00fdznamu m\u00edt nebo vlastnit. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se v\u0161ak jedn\u00e1 o takzvan\u00e9 <u>sloveso pomocn\u00e9<\/u> a nenese tedy \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd lexik\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdznam. Pokud byste se cht\u011bli dozv\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edce o tvorb\u011b v\u011bt s p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdm \u010dasem nebo si p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdklad, pod\u00edvejte se na tento <a href=\"\/?p=83214\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u010dl\u00e1nek<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Z p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho \u010dasu u\u017e n\u00e1s nic nov\u00e9ho ne\u010dek\u00e1, m\u016f\u017eeme se tedy rovnou vrhnout na dal\u0161\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/student.onlinejazyky.cz\/lesson\/public-detail\/id\/150781\/hash\/4ec1db036fe1591a8624b4fbbdbe6997\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cvi\u010den\u00ed<\/a> z programu Onlinejazyky, kter\u00e9 se zam\u011b\u0159uje na rozli\u0161en\u00ed \u010dasu p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho a p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9ho.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3>BUDOUC\u00cd \u010cAS<\/h3>\n<p><b>U\u017e v\u00edme, jak pou\u017e\u00edvat v\u011bty v minul\u00e9m a p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9m \u010dase, dokonce u\u017e zn\u00e1me perfektn\u011b p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das. Chyb\u00ed n\u00e1m budoucnost, tak poj\u010fme na ni! Kdy a jak se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 budouc\u00ed \u010das?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Budouc\u00ed \u010das m\u016f\u017eeme vyj\u00e1d\u0159it hned n\u011bkolika zp\u016fsoby.<br \/>\n<strong>Budouc\u00ed \u010das prost\u00fd<\/strong> vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 slov\u00ed\u010dko <u><b>WILL<\/b><\/u> a je jedn\u00edm z nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed budoucnosti. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch situac\u00edch:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><u>moment\u00e1ln\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed<\/u>, pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f jsme se o n\u011b\u010dem rozhodli &#8211; <i>Uva\u0159\u00edm pozd\u011bji, te\u010f nem\u00e1m hlad (I will cook later, I am not hungry now).<\/i><\/li>\n<li>pokud je v budoucnosti n\u011bco <u>pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9 nebo mo\u017en\u00e9<\/u> &#8211; <i>Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b tu zkou\u0161ku ned\u00e1m (I will probably fail the exam).<\/i><\/li>\n<li>p\u0159i <u>objedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/u> &#8211; <i>D\u00e1m si zelen\u00fd \u010daj (I will have green tea).<\/i><\/li>\n<li>p\u0159i <u>slibov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/u> &#8211; <i>Slibuji, \u017ee tu knihu z\u00edtra p\u0159inesu (I promise I will bring the book tomorrow).<\/i><\/li>\n<li>p\u0159i <u>vyhro\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/u> &#8211; <i>Ubl\u00ed\u017e\u00edm ti (I will hurt you).<\/i><\/li>\n<li>p\u0159i <u>varov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/u> &#8211; <i>Neusp\u011bje\u0161, pokud se nebude\u0161 u\u010dit. (You will fail if you don&#8217;t study).<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Mezi slov\u00ed\u010dka, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1m budouc\u00ed \u010das prost\u00fd pomohou identifikovat pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>MAYBE <\/b>(mo\u017en\u00e1) &#8211; <i>Mo\u017en\u00e1 p\u0159ijdu pozd\u011bji (Maybe I will come later).<\/i><\/li>\n<li><b>PROBABLY<\/b> (pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b) &#8211; <i>Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b z\u00edtra odjede (He will probably leave tomorrow).<\/i><\/li>\n<li><b>I THINK<\/b> (mysl\u00edm) &#8211; <i>Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee to zkus\u00ed (I think she will try it).<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvanou vazbou k vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed budouc\u00edho \u010dasu je <b><u>BE GOING TO<\/u><\/b>. Ta se do \u010de\u0161tiny p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1 jako \u201cchystat se\u201d a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se ve dvou z\u00e1kladn\u00edch situac\u00edch:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>pokud m\u00e1me n\u011bco <u>napl\u00e1novan\u00e9<\/u> &#8211; <i>Pl\u00e1nuje bydlet v New Yorku (He is going to live in New York).<\/i><\/li>\n<li>pokud n\u011bco <u>p\u0159edv\u00edd\u00e1me<\/u> &#8211; <i>On to okno rozbije (He is going to break the window).<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Od budouc\u00edho \u010dasu prost\u00e9ho se tedy li\u0161\u00ed v tom, \u017ee nejde o moment\u00e1ln\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed, ale o n\u011bco, co m\u00e1me p\u0159edem <u>promy\u0161len\u00e9 a napl\u00e1novan\u00e9<\/u>. Tak\u00e9 nejde pouze o na\u0161e domn\u011bnky, ale o n\u011bco, co p\u0159edv\u00edd\u00e1me na z\u00e1klad\u011b n\u011bjak\u00e9ho <u>d\u016fkazu<\/u>.<\/p>\n<p>Jak u\u017e je zm\u00edn\u011bno v\u00fd\u0161e i <u><b>p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd<\/b><\/u> je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt k vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed budoucnosti. K vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed budoucnosti se v\u0161ak pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pouze v jednom jedin\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, a to pokud <u>mluv\u00edme o budoucnosti, kterou jsme si jist\u00ed na sto procent<\/u>. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00edm jist\u011b, \u017ee z\u00edtra odj\u00ed\u017ed\u00edm &#8211; <i>Z\u00edtra odl\u00e9t\u00e1m do \u0160v\u00fdcarska (I am flying to Switzerland tomorrow).<\/i><br \/>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]A stejn\u011b jako v\u0161echny p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00e9 \u010dasy i \u010das budouc\u00ed m\u00e1 sv\u016fj pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd tvar. <strong>Budouc\u00ed \u010das pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd<\/strong> se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad kdy\u017e:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>klademe d\u016fraz na to, <u>jak dlouho se n\u011bco bude d\u00edt<\/u> &#8211; <i>Ten test budeme ps\u00e1t t\u0159i hodiny (We will be writing the test for three hours).<\/i><\/li>\n<li>mluv\u00edme o n\u011b\u010dem, <u>co bude v budoucnosti prob\u00edhat<\/u> &#8211; <i>Z\u00edtra touto dobou budu hr\u00e1t v divadle (This time tomorrow I will be performing in a theatre).<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Slovn\u00ed spojen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se \u010dasto vyskytuje s budouc\u00edm \u010dasem pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fdm je <b>THIS TIME<\/b> a n\u011bjak\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 ur\u010den\u00ed budoucnosti, nap\u0159\u00edklad <b>THIS TIME TOMORROW<\/b> (z\u00edtra touto dobou), <b>THIS TIME NEXT MONTH<\/b> (za m\u011bs\u00edc touto dobou),&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><b>Poj\u010fme si to rychle shrnout:<\/b><br \/>\nBudouc\u00ed \u010das se d\u00e1 vyj\u00e1d\u0159it n\u011bkolika r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby. Pokud jsme se pr\u00e1v\u011b o n\u011b\u010dem rozhodli, pou\u017eijeme budouc\u00ed \u010das prost\u00fd a slovo WILL, pokud m\u00e1me n\u011bco promy\u0161len\u00e9 a napl\u00e1novan\u00e9 pou\u017eijeme vazbu BE GOING TO. Kdy\u017e na 100% v\u00edme, \u017ee se v budoucnosti n\u011bco stane, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd a budouc\u00ed \u010das pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd pou\u017eijeme, kdy\u017e zd\u016fraz\u0148ujeme trv\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, kter\u00e1 se odehraje v budoucnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Pokud si chcete p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst n\u011bco v\u00edce o budouc\u00edm \u010dase nebo se pod\u00edvat na zp\u016fsob tvo\u0159en\u00ed v\u011bt, pak ur\u010dit\u011b pokra\u010dujte na tento podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed <a href=\"\/?p=82733\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u010dl\u00e1nek<\/a>.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3>P\u0158EDBUDOUC\u00cd \u010cAS<\/h3>\n<p><b>A m\u00e1me tu posledn\u00ed perli\u010dku na na\u0161em pomysln\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m dortu. Ale pokud u\u017e um\u00edme v\u0161echno ostatn\u00ed, tak pro\u010d nezaperlit i p\u0159edbudouc\u00edm \u010dasem. Kdy se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159edbudouc\u00ed \u010das a kdy jeho pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd tvar?<\/b><br \/>\nP\u0159edbudouc\u00ed \u010das je pro \u010de\u0161tinu op\u011bt \u010das nezn\u00e1m\u00fd a v angli\u010dtin\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jen v n\u011bkolika m\u00e1lo situac\u00edch. Tak se na n\u011b poj\u010fme pod\u00edvat.<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159edbudouc\u00ed \u010das prost\u00fd<\/strong> se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, kdy\u017e mluv\u00edme o n\u011b\u010dem, co <u>v ur\u010ditou dobu v budoucnosti dokon\u010d\u00edme nebo co bude dokon\u010deno<\/u>. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00edm, \u017ee z\u00edtra u\u017e budu m\u00edt dod\u011blanou pr\u00e1ci &#8211; <i>Z\u00edtra v p\u011bt hodin budu m\u00edt pr\u00e1ci dokon\u010denou (I will have finished my work by five o&#8217;clock tomorrow).<\/i><br \/>\nKl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 slov\u00ed\u010dko poj\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159edbudouc\u00edm \u010dasem je p\u0159edlo\u017eka <b>BY <\/b>dohromady s n\u011bjak\u00fdm \u010dasov\u00fdm \u00fadajem nebo n\u011bjakou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed &#8211;<i> A\u017e se vr\u00e1t\u00ed\u0161, budu m\u00edt ten film dokoukan\u00fd (I will have watched the movie by the time you arrive).<\/i><\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159edbudouc\u00ed \u010das pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd<\/strong> pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me kdy\u017e se zam\u011b\u0159ujeme na n\u011bco, co bude ur\u010ditou dobu trvat v ur\u010dit\u00fd okam\u017eik v budoucnosti &#8211; <i>Za patn\u00e1ct minut to budou t\u0159i hodiny, co ukl\u00edz\u00edm (In fifteen minutes I will have been cleaning for three hours).<\/i><\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi p\u0159edbudouc\u00edm \u010dasem prost\u00fdm a pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fdm?<\/strong><br \/>\nP\u0159edbudouc\u00ed \u010das prost\u00fd zd\u016fraz\u0148uje v\u00fdsledek ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, zat\u00edmco \u010das pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd se zam\u011b\u0159uje na trv\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>I will have read the book by Monday<br \/>\n<\/b>(V pond\u011bl\u00ed budu m\u00edt tu knihu do\u010dtenou).<br \/>\nx<br \/>\n<b>In 10 minutes I will have been reading the book for 2 hours<\/b><br \/>\n<i>(Za 10 minut budu \u010d\u00edst u\u017e dv\u011b hodiny).<\/i><\/p>\n<p>V prvn\u00ed v\u011bt\u011b tedy klademe d\u016fraz na v\u00fdsledek, kniha u\u017e bude do\u010dtena, \u010dinnost bude dokon\u010dena. V druh\u00e9 v\u011bt\u011b zd\u016fraz\u0148ujeme samotnou \u010dinnost, kter\u00e1 bude u\u017e ur\u010ditou dobu trvat.<\/p>\n<p>Podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdklad \u010di informace o tvorb\u011b p\u0159edbudouc\u00edho \u010dasu si m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst v tomto <a href=\"\/?p=82899\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u010dl\u00e1nku<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Te\u010f u\u017e zn\u00e1te v\u0161echny formy vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed budouc\u00edho \u010dasu. Tak si je poj\u010fte v\u0161echny dohromady procvi\u010dit v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm <a href=\"https:\/\/student.onlinejazyky.cz\/lesson\/public-detail\/id\/150783\/hash\/b9f7631278a87d90732c43a9bc912a59\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cvi\u010den\u00ed <\/a>z programu Onlinejazyky.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"td-sml-current-item-nr\">3<\/span> Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech anglick\u00fdch \u010das\u016f pomoc\u00ed jedn\u00e9 v\u011bty<\/h3>\n<p>Pamatujete si v\u0161e, co jsme spolu pro\u0161li? Poj\u010fme si to zopakovat a trochu otestovat.<br \/>\nPod\u00edvejte se na unik\u00e1tn\u00ed srovn\u00e1n\u00ed jedn\u00e9 v\u011bty ve v\u0161ech \u010dasech, kde uvid\u00edte rozd\u00edl v pou\u017eit\u00ed hned na prvn\u00ed pohled.<\/p>\n<p><b>I write a letter.<\/b> P\u00ed\u0161u dopis.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd<\/strong> pou\u017eijeme, proto\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o \u010dinnost, kter\u00e1 se pravideln\u011b opakuje, v\u011btu bychom mohli doplnit nap\u0159\u00edklad o slovn\u00ed spojen\u00ed \u201cevery morning\u201d &#8211; I write a letter every morning (Ka\u017ed\u00e9 r\u00e1no p\u00ed\u0161u dopis).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>I am writing a letter.<\/b> P\u00ed\u0161u dopis.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd<\/strong> pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me, kdy\u017e mluv\u00edme o \u010dinnosti, kter\u00e1 se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f, v tento moment, v takov\u00e9 v\u011bt\u011b \u010dasto pou\u017eijeme nap\u0159\u00edklad \u201cat the moment\u201d &#8211; I am writing a letter at the moment (Pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f p\u00ed\u0161u dopis).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>I wrote a letter.<\/b> Napsal jsem dopis.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>minul\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd<\/strong> v t\u00e9to v\u011bt\u011b pou\u017eijeme, proto\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o d\u011bj ukon\u010den\u00fd v minulosti v \u010dase, kter\u00fd zn\u00e1me, nap\u0159. v\u010dera ve\u010der &#8211; I wrote a letter yesterday evening (Dopis jsem napsal v\u010dera ve\u010der).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>I was writing a letter.<\/b> Psal jsem dopis.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>minul\u00fd \u010das pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd<\/strong> v t\u00e9to v\u011bt\u011b znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o d\u011bj ukon\u010den\u00fd v minulosti, kter\u00fd ur\u010ditou dobu trval, nap\u0159. v\u010dera t\u0159i hodiny &#8211; I was writing a letter for three hours yesterday (V\u010dera jsem t\u0159i hodiny psal dopis).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>I have written a letter.<\/b> Napsal jsem dopis.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd<\/strong> pou\u017eijeme, proto\u017ee nezn\u00e1me \u010das ukon\u010den\u00ed dan\u00e9 \u010dinnosti a tak\u00e9 klademe d\u016fraz na efekt, kter\u00fd dan\u00e1 \u010dinnost m\u00e1 na p\u0159\u00edtomnost, v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee dopis je naps\u00e1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>I have been writing a letter.<\/b> P\u00ed\u0161u dopis.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>p\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd<\/strong> v t\u00e9to v\u011bt\u011b pou\u017eijeme, proto\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o \u010dinnost, kterou jsme zapo\u010dali v minulosti, nicm\u00e9n\u011b st\u00e1le trv\u00e1 i v p\u0159\u00edtomnosti, \u010dasto obsahuje slov\u00ed\u010dka jako nap\u0159\u00edklad \u201cfor two hours\u201d &#8211; I have been writing a letter for two hours. (Dopis p\u00ed\u0161u dv\u011b hodiny).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>I will write a letter.<\/b> Nap\u00ed\u0161u dopis.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>budouc\u00ed \u010das prost\u00fd<\/strong> v t\u00e9to v\u011bt\u011b pou\u017eijeme, proto\u017ee jsme se o naps\u00e1n\u00ed dopisu rozhodli pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>I am going to write a letter.<\/b> Chyst\u00e1m se napsat dopis.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>vazba <strong>be going to<\/strong> znamen\u00e1, \u017ee naps\u00e1n\u00ed dopisu m\u00e1me do budoucnosti v pl\u00e1nu, v\u011bta by mohla b\u00fdt dopln\u011bna nap\u0159. o slov\u00ed\u010dko \u201ctomorrow\u201d &#8211; I am going to write a letter tomorrow (Chyst\u00e1m se dopis napsat z\u00edtra).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>I am writing a letter tomorrow. <\/b>Nap\u00ed\u0161u dopis z\u00edtra.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd<\/strong> v takov\u00e9to v\u011bt\u011b mus\u00ed b\u00fdt dopln\u011bn o n\u011bjak\u00fd budouc\u00ed \u010dasov\u00fd \u00fadaj, aby bylo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o budoucnost, nikoliv p\u0159\u00edtomnost. No a jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed zna\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee o naps\u00e1n\u00ed dopisu jsme u\u017e pevn\u011b rozhodnuti a na 100% ho z\u00edtra nap\u00ed\u0161eme.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>I will be writing a letter.<\/b> Budu ps\u00e1t dopis.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>budouc\u00ed \u010das pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd<\/strong> v t\u00e9to v\u011bt\u011b pou\u017eijeme abychom zd\u016fraznili, \u017ee dopis budeme ps\u00e1t n\u011bjakou dobu, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u016fl hodiny &#8211; I will be writing a letter for half an hour (Dopis budu ps\u00e1t p\u016fl hodiny).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>I will have written a letter.<\/b> (Dopis budu m\u00edt napsan\u00fd).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>p\u0159edbudouc\u00ed \u010das prost\u00fd<\/strong> znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u010dinnost budu m\u00edt ukon\u010denou v ur\u010dit\u00fd okam\u017eik v budoucnosti, v takov\u00fdch v\u011bt\u00e1ch proto nechyb\u00ed p\u0159edlo\u017eka \u201cby\u201d a dan\u00fd \u010dasov\u00fd \u00fadaj &#8211; I will have written a letter by Monday (V pond\u011bl\u00ed budu m\u00edt dopis napsan\u00fd).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>In ten minutes I will have been writing a letter for two hours.<\/b> Za deset minut to budou dv\u011b hodiny, co p\u00ed\u0161u dopis.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>p\u0159edbudouc\u00ed \u010das pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd<\/strong>zd\u016fraz\u0148uje dobu trv\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dinnosti, kter\u00e1 nastane v ur\u010dit\u00fd okam\u017eik v budoucnosti, v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b za deset minut. V\u011bta v p\u0159edbudouc\u00edm pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00e9m \u010dase se bez takov\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f neobejde.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]To bylo ale shrnut\u00ed! V\u011b\u0159\u00edme, \u017ee te\u010f v\u00e1m je u\u017e v\u0161e jasn\u00e9 a budete pou\u017e\u00edvat \u010dasy jako o z\u00e1vod.<br \/>\nPokud byste si cht\u011bli je\u0161t\u011b podrobn\u011bji zopakovat jednotliv\u00e9 \u010dasy, pod\u00edvejte se na podrobn\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky k nim, kter\u00e9 najdete u n\u00e1s na webu:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/?p=82545\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">P\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd a pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd <\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"\/?p=82452\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Minul\u00fd \u010das prost\u00fd a pr\u016fb\u011bhov\u00fd<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/dev.sogoodlanguages.com\/english\/study\/predminuly-cas-past-perfect-tense\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">P\u0159edminul\u00fd \u010das<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"\/?p=83214\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">P\u0159edp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd \u010das<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"\/?p=82733\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Budouc\u00ed \u010das<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"\/?p=82899\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">P\u0159edbudouc\u00ed \u010das<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text el_id=&#8221;1&#8243;] Tak\u00e9 se v\u00e1m pletou \u010dasy v angli\u010dtin\u011b? Je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010das na to vyzr\u00e1t. Pod\u00edvejte se na nejlep\u0161\u00ed porovn\u00e1n\u00ed anglick\u00fdch \u010das\u016f a u\u017e nikdy nev\u00e1hejte, kter\u00fd z \u010das\u016f v dan\u00e9 chv\u00edli pou\u017e\u00edt. [\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_id=&#8221;2&#8243; el_class=&#8221;js-anchor&#8221;] 1 Jak\u00e9 jsou anglick\u00e9 \u010dasy a pro\u010d je mus\u00edme v\u0161echny pou\u017e\u00edvat? Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u010dasy v angli\u010dtin\u011b se rozd\u011bluj\u00ed podle toho, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2018,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1080],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.10 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Jak na \u010dasy v angli\u010dtin\u011b - SoGood Languages<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dev.sogoodlanguages.com\/pl\/jak-na-casy-v-anglictine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jak na \u010dasy v angli\u010dtin\u011b - SoGood Languages\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text el_id=&#8221;1&#8243;] Tak\u00e9 se v\u00e1m pletou \u010dasy v angli\u010dtin\u011b? Je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u010das na to vyzr\u00e1t. Pod\u00edvejte se na nejlep\u0161\u00ed porovn\u00e1n\u00ed anglick\u00fdch \u010das\u016f a u\u017e nikdy nev\u00e1hejte, kter\u00fd z \u010das\u016f v dan\u00e9 chv\u00edli pou\u017e\u00edt. [\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text el_id=&#8221;2&#8243; el_class=&#8221;js-anchor&#8221;] 1 Jak\u00e9 jsou anglick\u00e9 \u010dasy a pro\u010d je mus\u00edme v\u0161echny pou\u017e\u00edvat? 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